What Was the Role and History of Italy After World War Two - 550 Words

What Was the Role and History of Italy After World War Two and Through Cold War (Essay Sample) Content: Role and History of Italy after World War 2Name:Institution:Role and history of Italy after World War 2In the early years of the 20th century, Italy made a mistake by allowing the rise of fascism and rallying behind Benito Mussolini. The tyrant concentrated power in his government and turned the country into his own personal dictatorship. All in all, after the axis power was defeated and Mussolini died after the Second World War, Italy had an opportunity to move forward in a different way.After the war, the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s history was in the hands of the Christian democratic system for about four decades. During this time, the Italian Communist Party played the role of the main opposition. This was to go on until the Tangentopoli scandal, the Soviet Union crisis and mission Mani pulite. According to Maier (2015),Âthe three incidences helped form a major reformation within the Italian political system and electoral system that also included the closure of polit ical parties.Just after the war, the Italian society was mainly divided on the way forward. Some people thought that abolishing the monarchy and creating a republic was the way to go, while others wished to implement communism and socialism while nationalizing the northern industrial sectors. In June 1946, Italians voted in a referendum to do away with the monarchy. The royal family was chased away from Italy and banned from living anywhere within the borders of Italy (Maier, 2015).ÂA Constituent Assembly was elected in 1946; with its role being to draft the Italian constitution. This assembly drew up a constitution that created a bicameral parliamentary republic with separate executive and judiciary branches; with the executive being headed by a president who was elected by parliament. This new constitution was promulgated on the 1st of January 1948, setting the way for the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s first open parliamentary elections later that year, which was heavily influenced by A merica (Berger, 2012).During that time around the Italian elections, the United States was dishing a lot of money to Western Europe in a strategy referred to as the Marshal Plan. According to Berger (2012), America was hoping to rebuild the economies and infrastructure of Western Europe while curtailing the spread of communism from Eastern Europe. The Christian Democrats won almost half of the popular vote while also getting a majority in the parliament.With a western-leaning government in charge and American aid secured, Italy quickly became a European economic powerhouse in the 1950s and 1960s. When the war ended, the country was mainly a rural, agricultural-based society. With the influx of American money however, Italy quickly industrialized and got vital trading ...

Leadership, Management, And Management - 1330 Words

Leadership has an authority power above others that inspire and motivate creating cohesion between then, at the same time solvent problems inside the group making changes in the organisation. Management possesses a title that supports his decisions and works to achieve a goal that the organisation requires. The leadership is moved for inspiration and has more emotional input that managers, for example, when the team fails in any situation the leader give constructive feedback and suggestion to improve the performance, however, management has more cold or passive attitudes following a role towards goals having a less emotional relationship with others. The leaders do not always have a hierarchical position, they appear at all levels of the organisation. Management plans and investigates how to control situations while leaders create motivation around him and give support. Furthermore, managers wait until the problem appears to solvent it and leaders are proactive, sometimes challenging the status quo and the job description while managers follow it. Leaders was born for it; managers are formed for it (Appendix 1). Similarities Leadership and management work with people managing them to meet the goals and mission of the company, working under pressure and succeed in the role. They are charismatics and influence everyone around them increasing people skills set and talent. Both are getting others to follow them and they use the authority making decisions, theyShow MoreRelatedLeadership, Management And Management1081 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Management Businesses require some sort of hierarchy of power to be successful. They cannot operate on the basis that everyone has the same job level if they plan to make a profit. However, the individuals that are placed in the higher power positions fall into two categories, leaders and managers. Many would say these are the same thing, when in reality they are not. They are two different styles that are used when operating a business and using the right one at the right time isRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management876 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and Management Name Institutional Affiliation Leadership and Management The achievements of organizations depend on their management and the manner in which their leaders conduct several operations within the organization. It is worth mentioning that successful organizations attribute their positive impacts in the market and general employee-employer relation to the influence spearheaded by the management team (Hiriyappa, 2013). This paper narrows down to evaluateRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management1270 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and management are different. Leadership is the position a person holds as an administrative leader such as CEO-Chief Executive Officer. Management is the act of managing a business which consists of a body of people in positions of administrative authority. Business management consists of officers, directors and other people who have the authority of the business operation, organizations, duties, and work to be done. In management, emphasis is on delivering high quality products andRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management1606 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership and Management in Business Jachinder S. Mundi Business administration Okanagan College Abstract In this report â€Å"Leadership and Management† the author justifies his opinion on the importance of leadership and management qualities in daily life businesses, whether it is private or public. The author suggests that if an individual wants to become a good leader in any field ,then he/ she should work on qualities like relation building, health , compassion, verbal communication andRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management1383 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and management are different. Leadership is the position a person holds as an administrative leader such as CEO-Chief Executive Officer. Management is the act of managing a business which consists of a body of people in positions of administrative authority. Business management consists of officers, directors and other people who have authority of the business operation, organizations, duties, and work to be done. In management, emphasis is on delivering high quality products and servicesRead MoreLeadership , Management, And Management885 Words   |  4 Pages Leadership and Management Name Institutional Affiliation Leadership and Management The achievements of organizations depend on their management and the manner in which their leaders conduct several operations within the organization. It is worth mentioning that successful organizations attribute their positive impacts in the market and general employee-employer relation to the influence spearheaded by the management team (Hiriyappa, 2013). This paper narrowsRead MoreLeadership Vs. Management : Leadership And Management1550 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor of On Becoming a Leader: The Leadership Classic, is best known for, that addresses why there is a difference between Leadership versus Management (Murray, What is the Difference Between Management and Leadership?, 2009). Just like most people, I use â€Å"leadership† and â€Å"management† interchangeably because one feels that they are probably the same thing or embody the same characteristics. Further discussion will provide details on what leadership is, what management entails, and why they are diff erentRead MoreLeadership And Management And Leadership1569 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is about seeking constructive change and management is about establishing order (Northouse, 2015). Warren Bennis (1997) wrote in  Learning to Lead: A Workbook on Becoming a Leader  that â€Å"There is a profound difference between management and leadership, and both are important. To manage means to bring about, to accomplish, to have charge of or responsibility for, to conduct. Leading is influencing, guiding in a direction, course, action, opinion. The distinction is crucial.† (Leiding,Read MoreManagement Vs. Leadership : Management And Leadership1061 Words   |  5 PagesManagement vs. Leadership Introduction Presently many of us have learned that managers are primarily administrators who have learned to write business plans, utilize their resources and keep track of progress. We must learn that we are not limited by job title, and that means we can utilize our management skills in any position that we are in. We must also know that we can use our leadership skills in the same situations. On the other hand we have also learned that leaders are people who haveRead MoreManagement And Leadership : Leadership1023 Words   |  5 PagesManagement and Leadership In Leadership, Leadership, Leadership Are We All Chanting the Wrong Mantra, the authors says, â€Å"Leadership is simply management of higher level things† (McCormack, 2009, p.1) and that the leader manages the vision, people’s perception and their own behavior (p.1). McCormack continues his analysis by saying, â€Å"There are times when leadership simply cannot take place† (p.2). McCormack appears to believe that organizations and universities should not teach, encourage or tolerate

Historical Context of A Raisin in the Sun - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 625 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: A Raisin in the Sun Essay Did you like this example? A Raisin in the Sun is a drama that chronologically details the life experiences of the Younger family as they struggle with self identity, poverty, and segregation. Now, to fully understand the meaning behind the story, some background will be provided on the author, Lorraine Hansberry. At a young age, Lorraine Hansberry and her family were approached by a mob at their home. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Historical Context of A Raisin in the Sun" essay for you Create order They were being told that they were no longer welcome in that neighborhood, as the white neighborhood improvement association did not see them fit. They were then told that if they did not leave, they would remain in violation of the race restrictive covenant. The Hansberry family later took this matter to the Supreme Court in 1940 where the court ruled in their favor. However, the issue of the covenants being unconstitutional was not resolved until a later case of Shelly v. Kramer in 1948. The unraveling of these events were what sparked Hansberry to begin writing A Raisin in the Sun. The storyline of A Raisin in the Sun brought about many debatably sensitive topics. The most prevalent topic throughout the story would be the overarching theme of segregation. The play was set in the 1950s, a time during which there was a fight between assimilation and integration. The setting of Chicago did not have official segregation as the South did, but rather a social and economic division between whites and African-Americans. At the time, segregation was very prevalent in the South. Another controversial topic that arises within the story is that of abortion. The character Ruth in the story discusses possibly having an abortion, which at the time, was illegal in the United States and brought upon very rampant debates. When the play was first talked about being performed, many people had doubts about it doing well due to the fact that it was written, directed, and casted African-Americans. During the time, the primary demographics of those who went to see plays were among the caucasion descent. However, those people were proven wrong. The play had such an uproar in public appreciation that it was soon performed on Broadway. The play was also nominated for four Tony awards, one of which was for the best play and another which was for best director, which was Lloyd Richards, the first African American director. The film version was also nominated for numerous Golden Globe awards as well. There was also a musical version of the play called simply Raisin, which claimed a Tony award for the best musical in 1974. Though the play was thought to be one which would die off due to its controversial topics, the way in which each character can be empathized with is what set it apart. The audience was able to connect with the characters on a personal level. As we can conclude from the above information, Lorraine Hansberrys writing of A Raisin in the Sun was nothing short of predetermined. She went through the horrors of the mob, court cases, and segregation as she was growing up, which shaped her thought process revealed in A Raisin in the Sun. If she had not been exposed to those things, then her writing of the story may not have ever or occurred, or if it did, it may not have been as meaningful. She beautifully articulates the struggles of being an African-American in the 1950s, while portraying it tenderly through characters that everyone can relate to. The title encapsulates the entire theme, once spoken by Langston Hughes, a dream that awaits too long withers away like a raisin drying up in the sun. Hansberry had a vision of bringing awareness to her unfortunate circumstances, and to ensure that they did not go unnoticed, she wrote A Raisin in the Sun.

The Law Enforcement And Safe Neighborhoods Act Essay

Brief for Respondent: In the case, Arizona versus United States, I am representing the respondent, United States, where we are seeking to stop the enforcement of S.B. 1070 in the federal district court before the law can be taken into effect. S.B. 1070, also known as Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, was passed in the state of Arizona in 2010 as an effort to address the large numbers of unlawful immigrants entering the state. The United States seeks to declare S.B. 1070 as preempted by the federal immigration law, where the four provisions of S.B. 1070, Section 3, Section 5, Section 6 and Section 2(B) violated the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution. Relevant Constitutional Provision: In our defense, we will be utilizing Article 1, Section 8, clause 4 of the United States Constitution which establishes a uniform rule of Naturalization. It states that only Congress has the exclusive authority control over immigration and establishing new regulations that would allow individuals to become naturalized citizens of the United States of America and not the states. Section 9, clause 2 will also come into play in relation to Section 6 of S.B. 1070, in which the privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus cannot not be suspended. It solidifies the notion that an individual cannot be incarcerated without facing legitimate charges—indefinite imprisonment is not allowed without legal due process. The Equal Protection Clause, which is part of theShow MoreRelatedThe Law Enforcement And Safe Neighborhoods Act1222 Words   |  5 PagesProblem Arizona SB 1070 also known as the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, was signed into law April 2010 as an attempt to regulate immigration at the state level. This bill was passed to support the Legal Arizona Worker Act (LAWA), passed in July 2007. S.B 1070 and LAWA’s main objectives were to drive unauthorized workers from Arizona. Proponents of the bills argued this would provide an abundance of employment room for U.S born citizens. While the bills succeeded in drivingRead MoreSupport Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhood Act1560 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 23rd of April 2010, Governor Jan Brewer signed the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, also known as, the Arizona SB 1070. The law is aimed at addressing the essential problem of illegal immigration within the United States, particularly within Arizona. The legislative act sparked much national controversy before, as well as after the act’s signing. The law Arizona law adde d on to preexisting U.S. federal law that requires all aliens over the age of 14, who remain in the UnitedRead MoreOur Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act Analysis1005 Words   |  5 Pagessigned the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (SOLESNA), or Arizona Senate Bill 1070 (S.B. 1070, as it is popularly known). The purpose of the act is â€Å"... to discourage and deter the unlawful entry and presence of aliens and economic activity by persons unlawfully present in the United States† (Senate Bill 1070, 2010). Arizona Senate Bill 1070 is considered one of the harshest anti-immigration law due to it’s enforcements. Nevertheless, it is not the first law of it’s kind. GeographicallyRead MoreThe Immigration Law Enforcement And Safe Neighborhoods Act ( Arizona Senate Bill 1070 )3640 Words   |  15 Pagesharshest immigration law in history. Astonishingly, this law wasn t formed by our Federal Government, but by the Arizona State Senate in hopes of curtailing the ever growing population of illegal immigrants who are smuggled into the United States, come legally and overstay their visa, or come in hope of a better life. This writing will investigate the social construction and the circumstances that lead to atrocity surrounding the initiation of a long list of Arizona immigration laws. Secondly, theRead MoreGun Violence Crimes966 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Law Enforcement to enforce a solution to prevent violent, brutal crimes from occurring. Both Federal and local Law Enforcement must work together to promote a solution for reducing gun violence. Back in Bush’s first term as President it was significant for Bush’s administration to create a project to â€Å"get the message out there† about deterrence and the increasing number of crimes committed through the use of guns. Bush’s administration came up with the project known as the Project Safe NeighborhoodsRead MoreProject Safe Neighborh oods1007 Words   |  5 PagesDue to the high rate of crimes committed throughout big cities by gun violence, it is essential for Law Enforcement to enforce a solution to prevent violent, brutal crimes from occurring. Both Federal and local Law Enforcement must work together to promote a solution for reducing gun violence. Back in Bush’s first term as President it was significant for the Bush administration to create a project to â€Å"get the message out there† about deterrence and the increasing number of crimes committed throughRead MoreChicago Alternative Policing Strategy1096 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategy to help law enforcement officials control and deter crime; however, some areas across the United States has had problems in the past with communities and law enforcement working together to ensure a secure and safe environment. Although it is an officer’s duty to maintain order, keep the peace, and solve problems within the area he or she is patrolling , it is also necessary for the people of the community to come together to help prevent crime. Everyone wants to feel safe in his or her placeRead MoreCrime Prevention Programs Help Protect And Deter Crime Within Neighborhoods1219 Words   |  5 Pagesprevention programs help to prevent and deter crime within neighborhoods by getting the neighbors involved. Neighborhood watches use residents within a neighborhood to look out for suspicious activity/ issues then report them to police before any crime occurs. Using this method potentially deters crime and offenders from committing more crimes. A neighborhood watch can consist of a block watch, community watch, home watch and citizen alert. Neighborhood crime prevention programs arose because of the needRead MoreNeighborhood Watch1074 Words   |  5 PagesNeighborhood Watch: Let’s Partner with Law Enforcement: Let’s Be Vigilant: Let’s Legislate! By: Shelly Ray Date: 07/15/13 Over the weekend, the nation watched and listened as the â€Å"Not Guilty† verdict was read for second degree murder and manslaughter charges in the case of George Zimmerman. Mr. Zimmerman is the 29 year old neighborhood watchman man and man who fired the fatal shot of 17 year old Trayvon Martin on the evening of February 26, 2012 in Sanford, Florida. The subject I will bringRead MoreSurveillance Cameras Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesSurveillance Cameras How are kids safe at night? Do they roam the streets without adult supervision? Are drug dealers taking over the streets? Are drivers nervous of everyone else’s bad driving habits? Although some believe law enforcement cameras invade privacy and disrupt everyday lives, cameras help keep citizens safe. â€Å"Police departments across Great Britain credit cameras with dramatic crime reduction, citing such impressive results as 75 percent drop in Airdrie, Scotland, a 68 percent reduction

Child Abuse in Flannery O’Connors Short Story “The River

Child abuse is something that is very apparent in the world but is something that people find awkward to talk about Flannery O’Connors short story â€Å"The River† talks about a young boy Harry who isn’t taken care of very well and has a hard life. Throughout the story it is presented that Harry’s parents are unfit, he is neglegted at home, and everything is joke to the family. Harry’s parents don’t really know how to raise a child. The spend their days partying and drinking. When the sitter first arrived to pick Harry up, his father was almost pushing him out the door, because he wanted to sleep later. His father handed Harry over to the sitter, barely dressed in clothes that were way to big for him, and not even a thought of feeding him breakfast. He has no real diet and the food that he eats he just finds food around the house, and whatever looks good he eats. When Harry came home that night he had to figure out his own dinner, and whe n he checked the fridge it was full of old, shriveled up fruit and vegtables, cheese, some old fish, and a pork bone. Nothing in the fridge Harry could eat, so he settled for the two end pieces of raisin break, and a half of a jar of peanut butter, and a large glass of choclate milk. Harry’s mother is an alcoholic, and the morning when the sitter picked Harry up she hadn’t gotten out of bed so the sitter took that to mean she was sick, when in reality it was just hungover. During the baptism Harry reveals the truth about his mother andShow MoreRelatedA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor And Women Hollering Creek By Sandra Cisneros995 Words   |  4 Pagescome across a crisis or it will be an escape from a struggle or an external conflict. In the two short stories, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† by Flannery O’Connor and â€Å"Women Hollering Creek† by Sandra Cisneros, the protagonists are faced with similar crisis of limitations. On the contrary, â€Å"The Swimmer† by John Cheever describes the protagonist to be someone that has no limitations, which led him to abuse his freedom. Although these three tales show differences they do show a similarity in their ignorance

Capitalist system Free Essays

Individuals and businesses own most of the natural and capital resources. These are the factories, farms, machinery, land, minerals, and other resources used to produce goods. Individuals and businesses also buy and sell goods freely. We will write a custom essay sample on Capitalist system or any similar topic only for you Order Now Goods are distributed through the market of buyers and sellers. Capitalism is the economic system in the United States. Socialism is another type of economic system. In a socialist system, the people, through their government, own many of the resources and manage the economy. Representatives of the people decide what to produce and how much. The government then plans how to carry out these decisions. The government also distributes most goods and services, especially with regard to housing, food, medicine, and other basic necessities. Many nations today engage in limited socialist programs, such as socialized medical or education systems. However, only a few nations can be said to operate entirely under socialist principals. Command economy In a command economy, the government owns nearly everything that is used to produce goods. Government planners, rather than the people, make the decisions about what to produce and how to distribute it. North Korea is an example of a country with a command economy. Mixed economy individuals, businesses, and the government own some parts of the economy. All of these groups play a role in making economic decisions about what to produce and how to distribute it. Russia was once part of the former Soviet Union, which had a command economy. Russia now has a mixed economy. Communism: Government ownership of productive resources, and a one-party state to enforce decisions. The level of public ownership is usually higher than in socialism. It is even less efficient and even more equalitarian (although under communism, some folks appear to be more equal than others. Dictators and high party officials usually appear to live better than do common citizens). Fascism: Fascism claims to be capitalist, but as the state is not democratic, there’s little popular control over anything. The state (usually, some dictator or group of dictators) tends to reward its friends and punish its enemies, which leads both to oppression and an inefficient economy. (The firm that kicks back the most money to the government is the firm that survives and makes a profit, but it isn’t very often the firm that produces the best products at the lowest price. ) Both inefficient and unequal, this seems to represent the worst of all possible worlds. How to cite Capitalist system, Papers

Retail Sectors Oil and Gas

Question: Demonstrate the ability to analyse the factors affecting the present size and structure of the current oil and gas retail sectors and the impact of the rising price of oil. Answer: Introduction: Petroleum industry plays a very important role in the proper functioning of the economy. The UK retail market of the petroleum industry has about more the 200 companies that are into production, distribution, refining and marketing of the products. The filling stations selling fuels are covered under the retail market aspect. A major shakeout has taken place in the retail sector in the past twenty-five years, and this has led to the reduction in the filling stations from 18000 to 8591 by the end of the year 2014. There is competitiveness among the retail firms who only concentrate on the large volumes in the sites having shops and modern facilities. Factors affecting the current structure of the uks retail industry: The factors that are seen to affect the UKs retail industry are grouped under four crucial areas. The information is collected from the consumers, competitors, suppliers and government who affects the petrol filling business. Needs of Consumers: Price and convenience are the two important factors that a consumer considers while choosing PFS. By convenience, we mean the nearest location to the consumers. It is seen that a few customers are willing to travel to get fuel at a cheaper rate. The situation of the customers will lead to the extent to which the factors can have an influence on them (Andrews and Gateley, 2015). With more PFS availability, the focus of the consumers is seen to move towards price. A location gets more crucial for the customers when there are lesser options of PFS during their time of driving. A market survey conducted in UK in 2012, where about 1000 consumers over the age of sixteen have more focus on the price now than they had in the previous year. A question was also asked on the conveniences of filling fuel. The percentages of people agreeing to the statement that they look out for the convenient location to shopping for fuel rather than shopping around for lesser priced fuels w as low in 2012 (Van Vactor, 2010). This shows that the consumers mainly think about the price of the fuel, and they can take a step to search for cheaper oils in their nearest locations. The result when surveyed varied in Wales, East Anglia and Britain (Evans, 2007). A survey on the motorist in Ireland was conducted by the Consumer Council where the result showed that the 82 percentages respondents changed their driving behaviour due to the fuel price increase. They also said that they are always searching for the best price in fuel. The consumers also consider the other privileges that are offered by the PFS. These benefits are shopping, loyalty card offering and car wash facility. Bond with the fuel suppliers: Fuel to the PFS retailers are supplied by the fuel suppliers who are independent and oil company supply divisions (Falola and Genova, 2005). The relation with the suppliers if fuel is important it shows what prices the PFS retailers pay for the petroleum products. The price is paid in terms of Platts Plus. This means a global yardstick of prices is published daily for the petroleum product that is quoted in the terms of the US dollars. The charges that are taken extra by the suppliers of fuel over the quoted price are described as the plus element. Competition Levels: The consumers are getting more sensitive to prices even though the customers hold d some brand loyalty. Price competition is generally affected by the following factors: 1. The time and distance that is needed to arrive at the alternative PFS. 2. The size and the number of the PFS in a particular geographical area. 3. The various companies that operate the PFS in a particular geographical area. The reason for the increase in the competitive prices is due to the growth of the hypermarket in the petroleum retail market of UK. This has led to a fierce competition among the owners of PFS with the ones who are operating the hypermarkets. The PFS owners they need to face the hypermarkets basis retail prices (Giannakidis et al., n.d.). This has led to the gross margins to reduce. The gross margins have reduced, which is a percentage of the retail price over the fifteen years for the dealers who are independent. Regulations and Government policies: The business of the PFS is also affected by the government regulation and policies. It also helps in the investment and behavioural needs. The drivers related to the government can be classified into fiscal drivers, standards of safety and environmental policies and regulation. The fiscal drivers are the taxes like fuel duty, rates in business and corporation taxes that affects the business of PFS. The business rates are assessed on a five-year basis by the Valuation Office Agency. The assessment by the VOA is based on the performance of the PFS The final prices of retails accounts for 60 percentages of VAT and fuel duty. impact of rising oil prices on uks retail petroleum industry: The global economic performance is significantly dependent on the prices of fuel. There is a shift in the terms of trade, and also there is a transfer of income from the oil importing country to the oil exporting country (Aderoju, 2015). Oil prices increase in also affected by the increase in the prices of gas. The macroeconomic influence is affected with the rise in the prices of oil. Due to higher earnings from exports the oil exporting nations are facing a rise in the real income (Powering the UK The role of the power and gas sector in the wider economy, 2015). There is a negative impact on the importing countries of oil with the oil price increase. To keep their local economy running, they need more energy supplies. The increased oil prices have led to the increase in the production. This also caused the product prices to increase (PwC, 2015). Inflation happens to make the consumers life tougher around the world. The emerging economies are affected severely due to flat wages and the accelerated rate of spending. The national statistics of UK has shown the factory gate prices of UK increased to the highest levels during November 2009 due high oil prices. During this year, inflation rose for the month of November to January and value added tax was at 17.5 percentages during the month of February (Haerens, 2010) . The Bank of England predicted that pressures of inflation would occur more promptly. To stimulate the growth of the economy, the government reduced the value added taxes by 15 percentages. The rise in oil prices led to decrease in the exports of oil by the UK retail petroleum sector. The first quarter of 2010 saw an increase in the prices of oil from 80 dollars to 90 dollars. The major recessions in the countries like United States, United Kingdom and Europe is mainly due to the rises in the crude oil prices (Maugeri, 2006). Potential of technological change in the recent decade: The oil industrys future depends on the perpetual technological improvement. The international oil industries are also not in a position to accept the new technology. The 3D seismic mapping was used by the Exxon Company in the year 1967 for the exploration process. This was extremely dependent on the power of computing and cost reduction outside the industry. The seismic surveys were seen as a common practice in the United States and the Gulf of Mexico (McCage, 2007). There was a dramatic improvement in the productivity due to horizontal drilling. This drilling process was only due to the controllable steering from the surface and technology in evaluating the characteristic of a reservoir during the time of drilling. This technology can be beneficial for increasing the production of petroleum fuel. The technology of fracturing has also played a remarkable effect. This can be a potential technology in the future. The fracturing technology has a long history. It was experimented first by Amoco on reservoir basis. The Barnett shale with the help of the government support initiated the fracturing via horizontal wells. The slow adoption of technology may also result due to risk aversion on applying it to large projects (Nakaya, 2006) . The other factors that lead to slow penetration of technology were depletion of fields, economics and management practices of reservoirs. Before the application of any technology, a proper research and development are required. The small companies are seen to have a more aggressive approach. This was clear with the Mitchell Energy role in the development of hydro racking in shale gas. The government of the country should support development and research on the exploration of oil and gas of United Kingdom. As new exploration remains unsuccessful with the diffusion of new technology the budget for research has also lessened (Oilandgasinnovation.com, 2015). The immediate effect of this was the increase in the oil prices. The leading oil companies established their centres of research linked to their core business in an area with technical specialities (OFFSHORE OIL GAS SECTOR STRATEGY, 2015). In case of venture investment, a fraction of it is devoted to energy technology and among this hydro carbon related technology accounts for a small portion. Some money is also spent on the minerals and mining industry for supporting it. The mineral company that comes in mind is the Simbol Materials that produces lithium. The petroleum retailers can install the Smart Pos systems developed by petro soft that was designed to make the process of transaction more efficient. The features include electronic journal, drawers for cash with a drawl; the data can be accessed and processed online in the system. There is also demo for the first time users of the system. The qwickserve software by Petro soft is an innovative hardware technology used in the food services industry. These systems are also used in the UKs retail petroleum industrys food division. This helps in accuracy and a worthwhile experience for the retailers and the customers. The features that the software holds are self-services ordering, management of menu and recipe, customization of a menu, reporting, etc. The benefits the retailer is going to have after the installation is customer empowerment, increased up selling opportunities, expanding promotional opportunities, reduces errors due to entry of data, data entry time is reduced, improved menu pricing accuracy and helps increase in inventory. The C- store office feature of Petro soft will help in the management of inventory of the multi-store and single retail operators. The future proofing f the oil industry: Preparation is to be made by the industry to face the critical and uncertainties of the industry. More the 66 percentages of the company are seen to benefit from the oil field pilots that are digital, the improved performance and cost reduced the benefit. The security of people, the physical data is already seen to realise. Effective leadership, a good culture of business and adopting the right technologies such as cloud and wireless is required to future proof the digital oilfield technologies. The risks can be mitigated with management of the complex big data (Oil and Gas UK -the voice of the offshore industry, 2015). The functions in the oilfield are seen to achieve rapid advancement through the digital technologies. The work forces are better connected with the wireless systems. More than 75 percentages of the company are using this technology (study-of-the-uk-petroleum-retail-market, 2015). The workers working isolated areas are given mobile devices that have location-enabled fe atures. There is a clear case of adoption of digital technology in the oil fields in the remote of places. The organization that has adopted technological changes has experienced reduction in costs, better management process and smoother flow of information. There may arise a further investment of 360 million dollar in technologies related to the oil fields in the coming years. This is indicated by the projections in the industry. Conclusion: The UKs oil retail industry is seen booming in recent times. Due to the uncertainties in the global prices of oil, the oil industry will have some effect. If the industries adopt technology, the exploration of oil and gas becomes more convenient and comfortable. The factors that are affecting the structure of the industry must be analyzed in detail. As the needs of the consumers affect the sale of fuel so their decisions are to be taken into consideration by the retailers. Government policies and the tax structure of the country can also have a significant effect on the exploration oil. References Aderoju, A. (2015). TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY: A CONSIDERATION OF THE NODAL SEISMIC SYSTEM. Hamburg: Anchor Academic Publishing. Andrews, M. and Gateley, J. (2015). 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