Night of the Living Dead Essay

American  independent  black-and-white  horror film  and  cult film  directed by  George A. Romero   Night of the Living Dead  was heavily criticized during its release because of its explicit content, but received critical acclaim and was selected by the  Library of Congress  for preservation in the  National Film Registry  as a film deemed â€Å"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant. reviewers cited the film as groundbreaking. Pauline Kael  called the film â€Å"one of the most gruesomely terrifying movies ever made — and when you leave the theatre you may wish you could forget the whole horrible experience. .  . . The film’s grainy, banal seriousness works for it — gives it a crude realism†. [62]  A  Film Daily  critic commented, â€Å"This is a pearl of a horror picture which exhibits all the earmarks of a  sleeper. Since the release, critics and film historians have seen  Night of the Living Dead  as a subversive film that critiques 1960s American society, international  Cold War  politics and domestic  racism. Elliot Stein of  The Village Voice  saw the film as an ardent critique of American involvement in  Vietnam, arguing that it â€Å"was not set in  Transylvania, but Pennsylvania — this was  Middle America  at war, and the zombie carnage seemed a grotesque echo of the conflict then raging inVietnam Pauline Kael,  5001 Nights at the Movies  (Henry Holt and Company, 1991 Elliot Stein, â€Å"The Dead Zones: ‘George A. Romero’ at the American Museum of the Moving Image†,  The Village Voice(New York), January 8–14, 2003 http://www. filmsite. org/posters/psyc2. jpghttp://www. filmsite. rg/reddot. gif  Alfred Hitchcock’s powerful, complex psychological thriller,  Psycho  (1960) is the â€Å"mother† of all modern horror suspense films – it single-handedly ushered in an era of inferior screen ‘slashers’ with blood-letting and graphic, shocking killings The master of suspense skillfully manipulates and g uides the audience into identifying with the main character, luckless victim Marion (a Phoenix real-estate secretary), and then with that character’s murderer – a crazy and timid taxidermist named Norman (a brilliant typecasting performance by Anthony Perkins). Hitchcock’s techniques voyeuristically implicate the audience with the universal, dark evil forces and secrets present in the film. Psycho  also broke all film conventions by displaying its leading female protagonist having a lunchtime affair in her sexy white undergarments in the first scene; also by photographing a toilet bowl – and flush – in a bathroom (a first in an American film), and killing off its major ‘star’ Janet Leigh a third of the way into the film . Film reviews, for instance, will sometimes take up political or sociological concerns in the course of issuing formal-aesthetic judgments. Night of the Living Deaddramatizes the bewildering and uncanny transformation of human beings into non-human forms. Indeed, like all metamorphosis narratives, the film carries uncomfortable messages about identity — about what it means to be a human being and about the terror of alienation. The film’s power to unsettle its audience also derives from its focus on the taboo subject of cannibalism (which it depicts far more graphically than previous zombie films). In the eighteenth century, the English ironist Jonathan Swift (1996) wroteA Modest Proposal,a darkly satirical attack on the privations suffered by the Irish people at the hands of the English in which the author ironically proposed that infants be killed and eaten in order to solve the problem of poverty in Ireland. Night of the Living Deadalso uses cannibalism as a metaphor for exploitative power relations. Thus, while it deals with a quite different set of social problems, Romero’s film can also be seen a sinister satire that exploits an outrageous premise in the interests of social and political critique. In his book  Understanding Popular Culture,  John Fiske writes: It is not violence per se that characterises popular culture, but only that violence whose structure makes it into a metaphor for the distribution of power in society. Fiske, 1989: 137) According to Fiske, then, violence is a metaphor for inequitable (and presumably unjust) power relations in society. It is important, however, to understand this point in historical context. Violence became more commonly depicted in films and on television in the late 1960s, during a socially turbulent period when social hierarchies were being challenged   Night of the Living Dead  draws on Alfred Hitchcock’s  Psycho  (1 960), especially in its film craft: the use of shadow and camera angles. Night of the Living Dead  (and, indeed, its worthy equels) reminds us of something that the recent outbreak of zombie films may have caused us to forget: the oppositional potential of popular culture. In this sense, the film is an undead classic that can still tell us something about who we are — and warn us about what we might turn into. Waller, Gregory A. (1986),  The Living and the Undead  (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press) Swift, Jonathan (1996),  A Modest Proposal and other Satirical Works  (New York: Dover) like most genre movies, reflect the values and ideology of the culture that produced them. Don Siegel’s  Invasion of the Body Snatchers  (1956), for example, about an invasion of alien seed-pods that replace people with emotional replicas, is typically discussed in relation to American contemporary culture in the 1950s. Unlike earlier horror films,  Invasion of the Body Snatchers  imagines infection on an apocalyptic rather than personal scale, as in the vampire myth, a clear reflection of Cold War fears of nuclear destruction. But even as Americans felt threatened by possible nuclear war and Communist infiltration, the film also expresses a fear of creeping conformism at home. Invasion  makes the commonplace seem creepy, and in the climax a mob of plain-looking townsfolk pursue Miles and Becky out of town in a horrific evocation of the kind of witch-hunting mentality witnessed in the United States just a few years before the film’s releaseRead more:  Critical debates – Horror Films – actor, children, cinema  http://www. filmreference. com/encyclopedia/Criticism-Ideology/Horror-Films-CRITICAL-DEBATES. html#ixzz1qab4D5B2

Casing Research Essay

PLYWOOD Plywood is a manufactured board. It is used to case speakers. Birch-faced ply is a light coloured, high-quality plywood that colour-stains and varnishes easily. CHIPBOARD Chipboard is also a manufactured board. It is cheap and will not warp or curl. Chipboard comes in two forms, plain and woodgrain, both of which are usually coated in plastic ‘foil’ or veneered to improve the finish and looks. MDF MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard) is another manufactured board. It used to fabricate boxes, and close-textured MDF is cut and sanded to make moulds for vacuum forming plastics. MDF must be glued using PVA carefully and precisely, and requires coating with paint many times to give a good finish, as it absorbs liquids readily. Mild Steel Mild steel can be found in many different forms. Sheet steel, for example, is made into casings and a variety of brackets an fixings. Bright drawn steel is made into round, square, tubular, angled and flat bar versions. Mild steel can be cut and shape into components that are to be permanently fixed to the product. This is done by welding, brazing and using silver solder. Aluminium Aluminium is a light metal in its elemental form. It comes in sheet, bright drawn and mild forms (similar to steel) and can be cast. If a strong lightweight product is needed, aluminium is the only choice. Aluminium can be joined using nuts and bolts, rivets or epoxy resin glue. Aluminium also is superior, in terms of lifespan, to steel because it has an outer layer of aluminium oxide that prevents it from corroding for a long time. Casing Research There are many types of plastics used and many forms of manufacture used to construct both industrial and small-scale casings. The two most relevant to my project are acrylics and polystyrene. ACRYLIC Acrylic is a rigid, strong and smooth-looking plastic. It comes in many colours and forms (e.g. Cast Acrylic). It is durable (10 times the impact resistance of glass), and therefore suitable for outdoor use. Acrylic’s non-toxic properties make it safe to be used with food or made into a toy; however, in the unlikely event that it is broken, it will splinter and expose sharp points. Acrylic becomes malleable when heated and can be easily machined. It is also possible to cement pieces of acrylic together using methylene chloride glue. When polished, acrylic must be handled carefully as its surface dents and scratches easily. POLYSTYRENE Polystyrene comes in many forms. One such form is a thin sheet of polystyrene that is used in vacuum forming machines to fabricate a casing. It has a low melting point and is fairly weak, but unlike acrylic it is not brittle. Polystyrene is also an excellent insulator, minimising any chance of electrocution by the product. It can be cut and assembled rapidly, but it takes time, precision care and effort to manufacture a quality product casing. Plastic casings can be made in a variety of ways. Injection moulding is the most common method of manufacturing casings in industry. The machine makes a casing in three stages: Step 1: The mould is warmed and the thermoplastic substance is placed in the heating chamber. Step 2: The thermoplastic is melted and then pushed into the mould by the plunger, which maintains the pressure for a set ‘dwell time’ to prevent shrunk or hollow products from being formed by stopping any molten plastic from returning to the chamber. Step 3: When the plastic has solidified, it is removed from the mould by hand or by a mechanism built in the machine (this is more likely to be found in industry). Casing Research Vacuum forming is more likely to be used on a smaller scale (e.g. in schools) to produce casings, but is used in industry to make egg boxes and food containers. There is a range of vac. forming machines, but every one works from the same principle and is designed to: 1. Seal a plastic sheet on to the vac. chamber. 2. Heat the plastic sheet. 3. Create a vacuum so air pressure presses the heated plastic over the mould. The vac. forming process occurs like so: Step 1 The plastic sheet is clamed on top of the machine, resting on the heat resistant silicone rubber pads, after the mould of the desired shape has been placed on the raising platform inside the machine. Step 2 A heating element is pulled across the top of the plastic sheet, heating it until it crinkles, then becomes taught again. Step 3 The platform is raised, and the mould is pushed into the plastic. Step 4 The air is then pumped out of the chamber, and air pressure (now greater than inside the machine) presses the sheet over the mould. Step 5 The sheet is removed from the machine (assisted using a taper, which angles all vertical sides of the casing). Excess plastic is trimmed from the casing. The mould is usually constructed from layers of MDF. It is solid because air pressure given no resistance can crush hollow moulds. If the mould is too far down, webbing (plastic sticking together in corners) occurs, not leaving enough plastic to give a full coating on the mould. The mould is smoothed to avoid bumps and lines on the casing. Air pockets are prevented by drilling holes in the mould, allowing excess air to flow into the vacuum.

Cold Drinks Essay

Soft drinks are non-alcoholic water-based flavoured drinks that are optionally sweetened, acidulated and carbonated. Some carbonated soft drinks also contain caffeine; mainly the brown-coloured cola drinks. PROBLEM STATEMENT To find out consumers buying behaviour and to identify gaps in the industry if any. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE To find out the factors affecting soft drinks buying pattern. To find out the consumers buying habits. Seasonal changes in the buying habits. To find out the consumer’s future requirements and conceptualize an innovative product. To study the overall Beverages industry. SOFT DRINKS MARKET – AN OVERVIEW. Global Scenario The global soft drink industry is highly concentrated, being largely controlled by the two multinational companies; Coca Cola and PepsiCo. Coca Cola leads the carbonated soft drink market in most countries in the world with 60% of the global cola market with its flagship Coca-Cola brand. Other notable players include Cadbury Schweppes. Indian Scenario In the booming soft drinks industry, multinationals seem to be the biggest winners in terms of market share. The Coca-Cola Company led the highly consolidated market with a 42. 8% volume share, followed by PepsiCo at 28. 6% in 2004. Danone is a minor player in India with a 0. 5% share, chiefly due to its late market entry and limited offerings. According to government estimates soft drinks marketed in India were 6540 million bottles in March 2001. The market growth rate, which was around 2-3% in ‘80s, increased to 5-6% in the early ‘90s and is presently 7-8% per annum. Most of the sales of soft drinks take place during summers while just 5-6% of total sales take place in winters. In summers the high season lasts for 70-75 days, which contributes more than 50% of the total yearly sales. In terms of regional distribution cola drinks have main markets in metro cities and northern states of UP, Punjab, Haryana etc. Orange flavoured drinks and sodas are popular in southern states. Western markets have preference towards mango-flavoured drinks. Non-alcoholic beverage market can be divided into fruit drinks and soft drinks. Soft drinks available in glass bottles, aluminium cans, PET bottles or disposable containers can be divided into carbonated and non-carbonated drinks. Cola, lemon and oranges are carbonated drinks and non-carbonated drinks include mango drinks. Soft drinks can also be divided into cola products and non-cola products. Cola products in Indian include brands like Pepsi Cola, Diet Pepsi, Coca- Cola, Diet Coke, Thumps Up etc. Cola drinks account for nearly 61-62% of the total soft drinks market in India. Non-Cola products account for 36% the total soft drink market. Until 1990s, domestic players like Parle Group (Thumps Up, Limca, Goldspot) dominated the softdrink market in India. However, with the advent of the MNC players like Pepsi (1991) and Coke (re-entered in 1993 after it was banned in 1977) in the early 1990s, the market control shifted towards them by the late 1990s. The per capita consumption of soft drinks in India is among the lowest in the world – 5 bottles per annum compared to the 800 bottles per annum in the USA. Delhi reports the highest per capita consumption in the country – 50 bottles per annum. The consumption of PET bottles is more in the urban areas (75% of total PET bottle [plastic bottles] consumption) whereas the sales of 200ml bottles were higher in the rural areas. According to a survey, 91% of the soft drink consumption in India is in the lower, lower middle and upper middle class section. After a somewhat subdued performance in 2006 due to a recurrence of the pesticides controversy, soft drinks sales bounced back strongly to record double-digit volume growth in 2007. With carbonates growth back on a positive upward curve alongside burgeoning sales of fruit/vegetable juice and bottles water, soft drinks showed impressive growth in 2007. Off-trade volumes grew slightly faster than on-trade volumes, driven by higher consumption of packaged and branded soft drinks at home and on the go. The emergence of supermarkets/hypermarkets, heavy consumer promotions and various new product launches played a key role in driving off-trade volume growth. Soft drinks sales in 2007 were propelled by bottled water and fruit/vegetable juice with their healthier positioning helping to drive sales of soft drinks. While carbonates posted single-digit growth in 2007, rebounding from the pesticides controversy of 2006, it was bottled water and fruit/vegetable juice that stormed ahead with high double-digit growth rates. Poor municipal infrastructure for tap water has pushed sales of bulk packaged water to households. Fruit/vegetable juice is growing as a result of increased consumer expenditure on naturally healthy (NH) beverages. While functional drinks and RTD tea also posted impressive growth in 2007, they were growing from a very small base and are yet to achieve a critical mass in terms of establishing a loyal consumer base. With consumers showing a growing preference for healthier soft drinks such as bottled water and fruit/vegetable juice rather than carbonates in 2007, the two carbonates giants suffered a marginal decline in share. Although both players embarked on a change in strategy to focus more on non-carbonated soft drinks in their portfolios, they were unable to maintain share and lost out slightly to home-grown players Parle Bisleri and Dabur India. Coca-Cola India launched Minute Maid and pushed the sales of its juices while PepsiCo India heavily promoted Tropicana, Aquafina and Gatorade during 2007. In addition, Coca-Cola India and PepsiCo India embarked on re-branding themselves as total beverage players and not just carbonates players. With the retail scene in India undergoing a rapid metamorphosis with the establishment of supermarkets/ hypermarkets and convenience stores, soft drinks sales have benefited positively. People in urban areas are increasingly flocking to supermarkets to pick up speciality items that are not available in the kirana stores that are found all over India. Modern retail outlets have provided soft drinks players with many opportunities to push their brands. Consumer promotions for fruit/vegetable juice and emerging sectors such as RTD tea and functional drinks are driving product sampling. Attractive point-of-sale (PoS) displays and gift packs of concentrates are also drawing consumer attention in supermarkets/hypermarkets. Heath drinks Soft drinks is expected to post a strong performance on the back of increasing affluence amongst consumers and evolving lifestyles which lead to consumers devoting less time to preparing fresh food and drink at home. Competition from the unorganised sector will diminish gradually as consumers show greater aversion to buying unpackaged and unbranded soft drinks from street vendors due to health and hygiene concerns. Rising health consciousness is also expected to drive sales of naturally healthy (NH) soft drinks such as 100% juice and mineral water. In addition, soft drinks such as sports drinks and juice-based carbonates are also expected to fare well over the forecast period as consumers perceive them to be healthy. Softdrinks can be segmented on the basis of carbonation, flavor type or place of consumption. Based on carbonation, soft drinks are principally classified into carbonated and non-carbonated drinks. While the carbonated drinks mainly include Cola, orange and lemon, the non-carbonated drinks include mango flavors. Cola products account for over 60% of the total soft drink market and include popular brands such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Thumps Up etc. Non-cola segment constitutes for over 35% of the market and can be divided into four sub groups based on types of available flavours that include – *Orange: Popular brands include Fanta, Mirinda Orange etc. *Clear lime: 7Up, Sprite *Cloudy lime: Limca, Mirinda Lemon. *Mango: Maaza, Slice Carbonates account for over 54% of total soft drinks sales in volume terms in India, with sales amounting to 2. 3 billion litres in 2004. CONSUMER’S PROFILE Soft drinks are impulse purchase products, and there is an element of indulgence associated with them. It does not figure very high on the shopping list. The consumer buys it just to while away time or as a substitute to water. Since, the older generation is of the opinion that nothing can substitute water, the companies generally target the youngsters, teenagers, children, employee of corporate offices. As these products are general fun drink, brand loyalties are not strong for a particular brand and consumers look for novelty and new flavors. Soft drinks consumption heavily relies on seasons. Though consumers are becoming health conscious, fans of classic carbonated soft drinks (CSDs) still are on the large. SAMPLING DESIGN TARGET POPULATION Consumers are surveyed to know their preference. The respondents are between the age group of 15 to 40. All the respondents are residents of Mumbai city. SELECTING A SAMPLING TECHNIQUE The sampling was done on a random basis whereby the respondents visited and primary data is collected. The Respondents were selected as per convenience sampling. RESEARCH DESIGN The research design was Exploratory in nature. Secondary Data and the Data from the Questionnaire were used to do the Analysis. This Exploratory research was done to give the insights about Consumers buying behaviour. The factors affecting their purchase of Soft- Drinks. DATA COLLECTION: The Primary data was collected through questionnaire administered to Consumers. The Secondary Data was collected through Internet, Business journals. The questionnaire was designed keeping the overall objectives and the information required. The questionnaire administered to the Consumers was aimed at finding out their preference & factors affecting their purchase decision for Soft drinks and also to identify how these existing products can be improved according to the consumers. DATA ANALYSIS: Data Analysis is being done arranging the data in tabular forms and using graphical representations. The survey conducted and the related findings. How many bottles (consider 350 ml) of cold drinks do you consume? CONSUMPTION IN BOTTLES (350 ml) 1 in a week1 in 4 days1 in 2 days>1 in a day 25 %42%27%6% Analysis. Consumers proffered having cold drinks once in a week or 4 days. Regular consumers were few. Consumption increased during the summers. Consumption is more amongst teenagers and youngsters. Young professionals also consumed cold drinks regularly mostly since it came complimentary with other food items such as pizzas or burgers. It is also used by working professionals as lunch-time substitute for water. Do you generally stick to brands ? YES89% NO11% Analysis: It is seen that, consumers are highly brand conscious. The big brands have been successful in creating loyalty towards their products in the long run. But, it is seen that, the consumers are not particular about one specific brand. As long as the brand is known to him/her, the product would be consumed. Also, the safety issues concerning beverages are high. Hence, unbranded beverages are not popular. Do you stick to a particular brand? YES27% NO73% Analysis: It is seen that consumers look for branded beverages, but not for a particular product as such. As long as the product is from a well- known brand, it will be consumed. It is also seen that, whenever a particular soft-drink isn’t available, any other substitute works. Hence, switching brands is relatively easy. Do you prefer ‘no fizz’ drinks (e. g. Slice, Maaza) or ‘strong fizz’ drinks e. g. (Thumbs up or Pepsi) ? Fizz LevelPercentage Strong Fizz16. 7% Light Fizz25% No Fizz58. 3% Analysis A very significant trend-shift towards no-carbonated drinks is seen. Previously, CSD (carbonated Soft drinks) have been very popular. Recently this trend has been changing. People now prefer ‘no fizz’ drinks. ‘Strong fizz’ i. e. cold drinks with high carbon concentration are running low on popularity. How Important are the following Factors ? Analysis. Most important factors as considered by consumers as per the survey results, are Brand, flavour and nutritional value. Shape of the bottle or packaging is the least important criteria. Flavour is also an important factor. Data table is given below : FactorsLeast ImportantSomewhat ImportantAverageImportantCriticalN/ARating Average Color22. 2% 44. 4% 11. 1% 0. 0% 11. 1% 11. 1% 2. 25 Flavour0. 0% 22. 2% 22. 2% 33. 3% 22. 2% 0. 0% 3. 56 Quantity0. 0% 16. 7% 50. 0% 33. 3% 0. 0% 0. 0% 3. 17 Nutrition value0. 0% 20. 0% 10. 0% 50. 0%20. 0% 0. 0% 3. 70 Shape of bottle42. 9%0. 0% 28. 6% 0. 0% 14. 3% 14. 3% 2. 33 Packaging50. 0% 16. 7% 0. 0% 0. 0% 0. 0% 33. 3% 1. 25 Brand11. 1% 0. 0% 11. 1% 22. 2% 44. 4% 11. 1% 4. 00 Exclusivity0. 0% 16. 7% 16. 7% 16. 7% 0. 0% 50. 0% 3. 00 Would you prefer nutritious drinks over others? YES72% NO22% Analysis : People are growing more health conscious due to the changing trends, growing awareness levels, better education and standard of living. This leads them towards more nutritional drinks. Consumers are now looking for cold-drinks that also satisfy other needs or provide added benefits along with being just a cold drink, Do you like energy drinks more? YES68% NO32% Analysis: Energy drinks are quite popular in the Indian markets with Red Bull being the prime player and a few other brands. The prices are still high considering the Indian markets. Would you like a glucose induced packaged drinking water ? YES79. 3% NO20. 7% Analysis: Packaged drinking water sales have grown manifolds in the last decade due to improper hygiene and improper municipal care. Consumers seem keen on having a product that can provide them added benefits with the packaged drinking water, such as, glucose induced water. Do you prefer the classic CSD (carbonated soft drinks) over anything else ? YES41% NO59% Analysis There are a significant percentage of consumers who have strong preferences towards carbonated soft drinks. Most of these respondents are male. Would you buy a drink that comes in 3 variations depending on its level of ‘fizz’? YES79. 3% MAYBE23. 1% NO20. 7% Analysis : In this question, a conceptual product with 3 levels of fizz was put up to the respondents. The audience responded quite favourably towards the idea. Since there is a divide amongst consumers who prefer strong fizz and the others who prefer no fizz drinks, such a product is given a thumbs up by the consumers. Would you like to have an additional product (e. g. chips) as a packaged product along with your cold drinks? YES53. 8% MAYBE30. 8% NO15. 4% Analysis: Generally, consumers have cold drinks along with wafers, chips or some kind of snack. In this question, the reaction of consumers is noted for how would they like it if the companies could come up with some offer where in the snacks come up bundled with the soft drink. These snacks can be suited best for the taste of the particular product along with which it could be supplied. CONCLUSION AND RECCOMMENDATIONS: The soft drinks market is an attractive industry with lot of scope for new entrants. Even if there are branded players since decades, trends are shifting now towards unconventional products. New innovations regarding flavour and nutritional value are most welcomed by the consumers. Lifestyles are changing and stress levels are high. This drives consumers to look for added benefits with the conventional ‘colas’. Hence, now consumers prefer cold drinks with natural fruit extracts, flavoured milk or energy drinks. A certain dislike towards carbonated drinks is seen especially amongst female consumers. As compared to other soft drinks these nutritional drinks are bit pricier. Ways should be thought of to reduce these rates and make them more affordable. Also, there are only mango flavoured, lemon flavoured or orange flavoured drinks available in the no-fizz category. More flavours can be tried. Brands should stress more on the nutritional value of the cold-drink and specify exactly how much of the daily nutrition will it provide them. A new product especially for females could be come up with. APPENDIX Cold drinks 1. Default Section 1. How many bottles (consider 350 ml) of cold drinks do you consume? How many bottles (consider 350 ml) of cold drinks do you consume? one in a week one in 4 days one in 2 days one in a day more than 1 bottle in a day Other (please specify) 2. Do you generally stick to one brand or easily switch brands? Do you generally stick to one brand or easily switch brands? Yes No Maybe 3. Do you prefer ‘no fizz’ drinks (e. g. Slice, Maaza) or ‘strong fizz’ drinks like Thumbs up or Pepsi? Do you prefer ‘no fizz’ drinks (e. g. Slice, Maaza) or ‘strong fizz’ drinks like Thumbs up or Pepsi?no fizz light fizz strong fizz Other (please specify) 4. Please select according to your preference (5 being the highest) Least ImportantSomewhat ImportantAverageImportantCriticalN/A Color Please select according to your preference (5 being the highest) Color Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A Flavour Flavour Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A Quantity Quantity Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A Nutrition value Nutrition value Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A. Shape of bottle Shape of bottle Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A Packaging Packaging Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A Brand Brand Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A Exclusivity Exclusivity Least Important Somewhat Important Average Important Critical N/A 5. Would you like your cold drink bottle to come in varied sizes so that it can be accomodated anywhere? Would you like your cold drink bottle to come in varied sizes so that it can be accomodated anywhere? Yes No Maybe. Other (please specify) 6. Would you buy a drink that comes in 3 variations depending on its level of ‘fizz’? Would you buy a drink that comes in 3 variations depending on its level of ‘fizz’? Yes No Maybe 7. Would you prefer your cold drink bottles to preserve the fizz for several days after opening the bottle? Would you prefer your cold drink bottles to preserve the fizz for several days after opening the bottle? Yes No Maybe 8. Would you like to have an additional product (e. g chips) as a packaged product along with your cold drinks? Would you like to have an additional product (e.g chips) as a packaged product along with your cold drinks? Yes No Maybe 9. Would you like to buy cold drinks, if you will get some promotional offer along with your cold drinks? Would you like to buy cold drinks, if you will get some promotional offer along with your cold drinks? Yes No Maybe 10. Gender? Gender? Male Female. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://resources. bnet. com/index. php? http://www. agriculture-industry-india. com/agricultural-commodities/soft-drinks. html http://www. foodindustryindia. com http://www. euromonitor. com http://www. icmrindia. org.

How will a Post Professional program affect or influence your current Essay

How will a Post Professional program affect or influence your current practice - Essay Example It is for this purpose that I wish to join a Post Professional program so that my knowledge with regard to the field of medicine increases and at the same time I can apply my knowledge for the assistance of patients in my current practice. I am currently working as a physician assistant in a hospital in Brooklyn, New York. I am affiliated with the field of urology surgery and our department mainly deals with the cancers associated with the kidney and the bladder. Our hospital mainly caters to the patients belonging to the middle and poor class communities. We try to provide the best and the most quality services to these patients which they may be deprived of owing to their financial conditions. I am currently working in the hospital under the guidance of many seniors; I assist in many important surgeries of our department. Knowledge and experience makes a person perfect and I have analyzed that to excel and achieve better results in my career, a Post Professional Program will serve to be the best platform for me. The Post Professional Program will serve to enhance my current skills and assist me in catering to the patients in a better and a more efficient manner.

How Businesses Use Learning & Memory to Affect Consumers Essay

How Businesses Use Learning & Memory to Affect Consumers - Essay Example If we look at the apple, you can directly say that it means high quality and luxury of computers, if we say it is Mercedes luxury cars and sports cars BMW means (Natale 2007 45-52). Those traders have learned to their brand, successfully using touch system and stimulus. They may even offer its popular brand for rent to other companies that are not brand ill bred with the negative image. Discussion Businesses are usually relatively little power to use punishment or negative reinforcement. However, parking meters often used to prevent consumers from taking valuable parking space and manufacturers may void your warranty if consumers take their product to unauthorized repair facility (Watkins 2006 294-303). Several factors influence effectiveness of operant learning. In general, more time effects of behavior, especially. In other words, power companies will be more likely to encourage consumers to use less electricity at peak times, when consumers actually have to pay when they used elec tricity (e.g. - slot), but not at end of month. Learning is also more likely to occur when the person can between behavior and consequences (but learning can occur even if link is not aware). Another problem is that building programs and extinction. Extinction occurs when behavior continues to have the impact on behavior and then eventually stops happening. For example, if the passenger finds that scream at check -in staff did not receive its upgrade to first class, it is likely to stop this behavior. Sometimes the person is rewarded each time you run behavior (e.g., consumer receives the non- alcoholic beverage whenever coins were introduced machine). Nevertheless, it is not necessary for learning time occurs. Even rewarded only from time to time, behavior can be studied. Several building programs are available: Fixed interval, consumer gets the free dessert every Tuesday, when he or she eats at the certain restaurant. Fixed ratio: behavior is rewarded (or punished) for each nth ti me it is performed. (For example, every tenth loyalty presented supplied free). Variable ratio: Each time the action is performed, there is some chance that be given. For example, each time user enters store, he or she receives the lottery ticket. With each ticket, there is the 20% chance to get the free burger. Consumers can get the free burger twice, or he or she can go ten times without getting the hamburger once. Variable Reinforcement Is Least Vulnerable To Extinction Sometimes training may be necessary to teach consumer desired behavior. In other words, it may be possible to directly teach consumers to adopt desired behavior. For example, user can first get the good free product (product itself, if it is good, it is the reward), then buy with the large cents off coupon, and finally buy at high prices. Thus, we are strengthening approaches desired behavior. Instead of introducing Coca -Cola directly in Indonesia, fruit soft drinks were introduced because they were more like dri nks are consumed (Anderson & Farkas 2003 88-93). Consumer does not always have to go through learning process itself; sometimes it can be learned by observing consequences of others. For example, stores can make the big deal out of bullpen continued shop is not so much because they want to stop this behavior among those who were, and to discourage behaviors in others? In addition, viewers can identify with characters in advertising that

Nursing Case Study Assessment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing Assessment - Case Study Example This shows that she is staining to breathe. The other priority problem that the nurse should note in the diagnostic statement is that Jane is experiencing dehydration. Dehydration is shown by dryness of the lips and the fact that her skin has lost its turgor and has become (Shen, Johnston and Hays, 2011). The other priority problem that should be noted by the nurse is that the patient is experiencing pain. During the examination it is observed that Jane is having problems forming sentences and she is not able to take Ventolin. Q2. During the diagnosis, it has been identified that Jane’s oxygen saturation is alarming which suggests that the oxygen saturation are 90 percent of Room air. To deal with this problem, the nurse will use the four components of the nursing interventions. The intervention will be performed by the nurse who will be in contact with the patient for most of the time during her stay in the hospital. The other nursing component that will be included in the in tervention is performance of respiratory evaluations of the respiratory rate and effort that Jane is using when breathing (Shen, Johnston and Hays, 2011). Assessment of the respiratory rate is critical given that Jane has already shown signs of having problems in breathing and asthma is usually characterized by respiratory problems. The other nursing intervention to be implemented to rectify the problem is to carry out frequent assessment of the patient at least once daily. Frequent monitoring will allow the nurse note the progress of the patient and in case any emergency care is required, a physician can be called in immediately. The fourth nursing intervention that will used to rectify the problem is to administer pain relief to the patient. This is because the patient has shown signs of being in pain (Shen, Johnston and Hays, 2011). Q3. During the assessment of Jane, it becomes evident that she is experiencing chronic pain as she coughs. According to Gagnon (2011), pain is a subj ective symptom and when measuring pain, the medical practitioner aims at identifying pain location, its intensity, temporal patterns, relieving factors and interference. It is hard to measure pain that Jane is experiencing given that she is an infant and has difficulties in communication. However, the best assessment tool should be relying on behavioral assessment of the child. The nurse should therefore observe facial expression as the child coughs and how she makes facial expression after medication has been administered. Therefore the best tool for the case should be the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale which uses to evaluate the level of pain based on the face. Q4. The recommended dosage of paracetamol is 15mg of paracetamol per kilogram. This is calculated by dividing 210 by 14 which gives 15mg per kg. Therefore the dosage recommended by the RMO is correct. Q5. Given the age of Jane and her present condition that gives her difficulties when swallowing, the nurse can utilize d ifferent strategies to administer paracetamol to her. The nurse can administer the paracetamol through a syringe placed at the corner of the mouth after which the nurse pushes the syringe slowly to release the medicine into the throat of the child (Ganzewinkel et.al., 2012). The other strategy that the nurse can use is by giving the paracetamol using a teat bottle where Jane will suck the medicine. The nurse may also administer the pa

French and American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

French and American Revolution - Essay Example Thomas Hobbes believed Man to be ruthless by nature and so people are driven by greed and selfishness because of the instinctive self-preservation of any human being. However, this bad situation can be mitigated somewhat when people agree to give some of their rights in favor of a government they had formed to rule over them in his social contract theory of governance to achieve a civilized society but under a strong central authority with a built-in security feature where people can reclaim the authority given to the State.Based on the above background information and discussion, it is obvious to anyone that absolute monarchies are thereby inherently unstable because the people who are oppressed can revolt at any time wherever their patience runs out.Similarities – both the French and American Revolutions were actually revolted against a monarch who was abusive because of his absolute powers and questioned the right of their kings to govern them without any law whatsoever. It can also be said that both revolutions were greatly influenced by the political thinking during the Enlightenment Period and especially by the writings of Thomas Hobbes and John Lock that had posted the overwhelming idea that authority and by extension, power to rule or govern, comes from the people and only the people can take back the authority they had given when warranted. The cause of the two major revolutions of the eighteenth century was a desire of the French and American people to be free.

Fashion Buying and Merchandising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fashion Buying and Merchandising - Essay Example The paper "Fashion Buying and Merchandising" concerns the process of Fashion Buying and Merchandising. The United Colors of Benetton have missed the fashion colors for the spring / summer collection of 2011, specifically because of the colors which aren’t bright or fashion forward. To change this, a capsule can be created to fulfill the gap and change the way in which the approach is taken. The capsule will not only consist of the changes in colors, but will also continue to include the ideal of comfort that the United Colors of Benetton approached toward the season The result will be the ability to combine the current parts of the fashion which was noted to have a better approach with the trends of the season based on colors. The focus for this particular capsule will be to expand on the shapes and key features which have already been introduced by the United Colors of Benetton. While there was a lack of the right coloring, there were some elements which could be considered w ith the clothing, specifically with the styles and shapes that were included in the various pieces of clothing. The capsule created will combine new types of fabric and colors with the shapes and styles which were currently introduced by the United Colors of Benetton for the Spring / Summer collection. These will then upgrade to the competition of other manufacturers who have changed their collections to the high styles that are available for the season while allowing the company to keep the authentic style.

Malaria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Malaria - Essay Example In actual fact, Malaria is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world and more especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, it is an indication that the tools available for malaria control are neither adequate nor good enough for the prevention. Therefore, participating in malaria clinical trial will help in finding a permanent solution for this disease as together with other researchers we try to find curative and preventive drugs and vaccines for malaria. Additionally, by getting involved in malaria clinical trial I will be able to have a chance to propagate and advocate a malaria vaccine and make it available for routine use. Moreover, I will be able to offer my own ideas and notions about this terrible disease as well as get to know qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection purposes especially in Africa. This will help to know how endemic is this disease and also facilitate in finding a malaria vaccine which will be more efficacio us than the malaria drug which has been used from time immemorial as a malaria control tool. To be precise it is clearly known that malaria is a tropical disease and is spread by female Anopheles mosquitos which are infected by a plasmodium parasite. Therefore, this plasmodium falcipavum malaria causes millions of clinical episodes globally but mostly endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria involves diseases such as shaking chills and high fevers among others. In countries like Ghana malaria claims so many lives of children and in 2008 only there were numerous deaths of children under the age of twelve years. Malaria can leads to cerebral malaria and anemia if not well controlled (Isle, 2001). Many strategies and measures have been taken to combat malaria; rapid diagnosis, treatment, intermittent preventive treatment especially given to pregnant women, use of sulphadoxine- pyrimethamine insecticide treated nets and introduction of sprays and mosquito repellant lotions. All these have been known to reduce morbidity and mortality, but this does not mean that there are no challenges. For instance, if mosquito nets are not used effectively people will still continue to die. For example, the nets may have a hole and used badly, some of the therapies are also facing resistance in some countries. These include Artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) which is facing challenges of resistance in Thailand especially in Cambodian border. Therefore, going back to research more on how to eradicate malaria is very essential. Hence my participation in a clinical trial will not be propagation for new effective and appropriate drugs but to try and convince the researchers to focus on a vaccine and not a drug. Truly, vaccine has worked effectively for so many years’ records, and history has it that the vaccine has a great ability to protect humanity from diseases. Precisely, a vaccine has helped so much in combating smallpox, fighting polio and making the measles and yellow fever very rare (Dziedizc, 2010).. Therefore, vaccine can do so much more for public health, and I have a great conviction that malaria vaccines

EU Reform Treaty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EU Reform Treaty - Essay Example Basically, the union of the said countries is formalized on the basis of different aspects. Even through a flag and a currency the member nations are considered as one. The flag being a circle of 12 gold stars set on a blue background and euro being the official currency.2 The European Union is continuously being guided by the agreements and consensus of the different member nations. Due to the type of operation of the organization it is often referred to as a 'negotiated order' or a permanent negotiation institute' which is based in one decision making process that is undertaken to resolve different issues being faced by the organization. It is basically a common notion that one of the agenda of the said organization is the determination of the guidelines regarding decision making and consensus along with the application.3 In a consolidated view, it can be perceived that a constitution can be of advantageous effect if development can be undertaken. The said notion has both advantages and disadvantages, thus, there are opposing ideas that have proponents and critics. The view and conviction of the different groups and parties are based on the different effect that can be observed in the member nations.4 The EU is composed of different key institutions such as the Council of Ministers, the European Commission and the European Parliament. These are composed of different duties and jobs. When an issue is needed to be resolved the different institutions have different contributing duty. One of the issues that had recently been the issue being faced by the EU is the Reform Treaty. The said treaty is related to the issues on the establishment of the constitution for the whole EU. Basically, due to the fact that the EU is voting on the issues, the results of the vote were incorporated to the EU Reform Treaty. Aside form the said issue, there are other issues that are incorporated.5 The Reform Treaty then, which is aimed to be the guidelines and the guiding principles of the EU. Due to the specification of the policies the contradictions are inevitable. The importance then of the role being placed by the leaders of the said organization is the welfare of not only a nation but the whole region that had entrusted leadership to the EU. The highlights of the Reform Treaty include a no far reaching European constitution. Basically, this can be attributed to the fact that there are different criticisms that are faced. The majority voted against the notion, suggesting the Reform Treaty which was considered as a more practical solution since the changes compared to the policies that are being used is more utilizable. The Reform Treaty of 2007 had been a controversial event since the outlook of the people is the optimization of the organization through a constitution which was initiated and in even applied in 2004, although it had been expressed as a Constitutional Treaty. Basically, the policies needed ratification but through the Reform Treaty of 2007, changes had been undertaken.6 Basically the issues related to the Reform Treaty can be considered encompassing on the different aspects of the needs in governance of the region. These include then terms in

Safety Statistics Aviation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Safety Statistics Aviation - Essay Example nts such as pilot errors related to weather and mechanical issues, sabotage, and mechanical failure are vital for consideration in classifying commercial aviation data. Based on this classification, statisticians can compare the prevalent causes of accidents within a given duration. Secondly, the number of fatal accidents also need adequate consideration when comparing aspects of commercial aviation accident data. Civil accidents involve civil aircrafts with 19 or more passengers (Rodrigues, Cusick & Wells, 2012). The data showing the number of these kinds of accidents within a standard duration can aid in comparison of the prevalence or the rate of occurrence of fatal accidents. Finally, the number of fatalities and the survival rates in aviation accidents are imperative in making effective comparison data. Rodrigues, Cusick and Wells (2012) note that these issues depict the criticality of an accident and help in comparing accidents across the world within specific durations. In conclusion, there are critical points necessary for consideration when analyzing and comparing commercial aviation accidents statistics. They include the causes of the accidents, the number of fatal accidents, number of fatalities and the survival

Rugby player Essay Example for Free

Rugby player Essay I will be using circuit training as my method of exercise. I feel that this type of training will give me best results on the areas of fitness I want to improve. Because circuit training has different stations, different aspects of fitness can be worked on e. g. one station could be weight lifting, improving muscular strength, and another could be an agility run. This way I can work on different aspects of my fitness in one session. Also the type of exercising I will be doing is perfect for what I am trying to achieve. I can change the level of work load very easily with circuit training, because I am not following to a specific program. I will constantly change the amount of work and the intensity I will do, so I keep improving. I play a lot of rugby and in the last year I have moved up from under 16s to Colts, which is under 17s, 18s and 19s. The jump in age has been quite a shock, not only am I trying to keep my position as outside centre, the opposition are nearly twice the size of me! Last year I was considered one of the quickest and fairly strong and powerful, now that Im playing against 19 year olds; my advantage doesnt seem as great anymore. I feel that if I were to increase my strength and agility a bit then the gap between me and the opposition would be smaller, or in some cases be to my advantage. Another issue is safety; I weigh 12 stone and I am six foot, some opposition are six foot six and weigh 16 stone! I havent got that amount of strength to handle that amount of weight, especially in a game like rugby. So increasing my strength will hopefully make the game a bit safer for me, increasing endurance will mean I can perform longer, and increasing my agility would hopefully mean that I dont get tackled as much! My program will hopefully reduce my chances of getting injured, however I need to be safe and not injury myself whilst performing my program. That is why it is very important to warm up well before I actually start training. The benefits of a thorough warm-up are: My warm up will consist of a light jog around the gym for about 3 minutes, to loosen my muscles and start to get blood pumping quicker around my body. I will then perform a series of stretches on my legs, working up my body systematically. When stretching I will hold the stretch for at least 10-15 seconds, it is also important not to bounce when stretching as this can cause muscle tear. The stretches are as follow: I have chosen to do this particular warm-up as I feel that it will be sufficient, and it isnt very time consuming. After I have performed my training, I will do the same routine as the warm-up for a cool-down. The benefits of a cool down are that it helps to remove any excess lactic acid present in the blood. Lactic acid is produced in anaerobic exercise, and causes your muscles to stiffen after youve finished exercising. A cool-down brings more oxygen into the blood, so that the lactic acid can be removed quicker. Another safety issue is the equipment and how it is setup. I have been shown how to setup equipment properly. I have chosen to use simple equipment, so I can perform the program at home as well as at school. By using lighter weights, but heavy enough to be overloading, will reduce the chances of damaging my muscles or tendons. The only trouble with using lighter weights is that it works on muscular endurance rather than strength. Weight lifters lift weights so heavy that they can only do about 5 reps before having to stop. If I were to lift such a weight (in comparison to more body size) I would be very liable to injuring myself, because Im not yet fully grown. I will lift weights so I can perform about 15 reps, this I think will be working both endurance and strength. Men are stronger than women and there build allows them to train harder, so a woman would use even lighter weights. There are many ways in which people can train to improve their fitness. I will be using the principles of training- F. I. T. T and P. R. O. S to get the most out of my program. Frequency I will try to perform 2-3 sessions a week, I dont have much time to spare but that is why I chose a circuit that I can perform at home without the need of any special equipment. Intensity How hard I should work when exercising. This is the most variable aspect of training. One session you can work really hard and get a lot out of it, but you can also do the exact same thing and not work as hard and get nothing from it. I will work at an intensity that I feel I will be able to last two laps, and feel as if I have worked hard. Time This relates to the amount of time you spend doing an activity. This is quite important because if I wanted to work on my anaerobic system, then time monitoring would be essential. This will be the variable I will be changing if I feel I need to overload more.

Bergers Disease: IgA Nephropathy

Bergers Disease: IgA Nephropathy Sarah A. Poorman IgA nephropathy, or Bergers disease, is one of the most prevalent, primary, and chronic glomerular disease and an imperative cause of renal failure (Mayo Clinic, 2017). IgAN is one of the most common renal diseases present in todays world. It can occur at any age, perceiving first evidence of renal disease when people are in their teens to late 30s (Wyatt and Julian, 2013). It is twice more likely to appear in men than women, being the most common amongst Asian and Caucasian populations (Wyatt and Julian, 2013). Early stages of Bergers Disease may not have symptoms. It can be silent for years, sometimes even decades before a single symptom shows. The most common symptom witnessed is hematuria, or bloody urine (NIDDK, 2015). This is a definite sign of a damaged glomeruli. Usually, the tint of urine will become a hue of pink or resemble the color of tea or cola (National Kidney Foundation, 2016). Another common symptom to arise is albuminuria. This is when urine contains an overabundance or albumin. Albumin is a protein, typically found in the blood, which maintains fluid balance throughout the human body (Nephcure, 2016). Blood loses its capacity to absorb fluid from the body once albumin leaks into the urine. Due to the lost blood supply, low blood albumin levels will occur. Too much fluid will let to edema, or swelling, of various body parts. The most common body parts to experience edema are the legs, feet, and ankles, leaving the face and hands to be the least commonly affected (NIDDK, 2015). Foamy urine is a signal of albuminuria. The least common symptoms associated with IgAN are high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels (NIDDK, 2015). Glomerulus is a system of capillaries situated at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney (Wyatt and Julian, 2013). Its focal objective is to assist as the first phase of the filtration process of the blood, which is carried out by the nephron in the creation of urine (Mayo Clinic, 2017). IgA nephropathy, or IgAN, is considered an autoimmune disease that affects the glomeruli of the kidneys. Glomeruli are tiny filtering units where the blood is cleared. As the IgA deposits build up in the glomeruli, it causes the kidneys to leak blood and protein into the urine. Human IgA antibodies have two subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2, while IgA1 constitutes 85% of the total IgA in the circulation, starting in the bone marrow (Wyatt and Julian, 2013). Predominantly, these deposits consist of IgA, but they can also exhibit IgG and IgM antibodies by themselves or combined. As the IgA deposits build up in the glomeruli, it causes the kidneys to leak blood and protein into the urine. IgA in the glomerular deposits are exclusively of the IgA1 subclass and are in the polymeric form (Wyatt and Julian, 2013). IgA1 exhibits galactose deficiency in the O-linked glycans in the hinge region of the heavy chain (Suzuki et al, 2011). Going all the way back to basic chemistry, galactose, or Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is composed of the same element as glucose, but has a different arrangement of atoms (Maillard et al, 2015). The Fc receptor will blind the GD-IgA1 to create immune complexes that leads to the complement activation. The transcription of IgG and IgM trigger the pathways of complement activation, containing immune complexes (Maillard et al, 2015). Eventually, over time, the massive discharge of ctyokines, components of the ext racellular matrix, and oxidants that disrupt the function of the glomerular basement membrane will induce apoptosis (the product of TGF-B and IL-6) and glomerular scarring (Maillard et al, 2015). This creates the destruction of the kidneys which leads to the major development of end-stage renal disease. To put it simply, T cell-dependent activation of B Cells is initiated by APCs, which processes the antigen, and creates peptides to present, in MHC 11, to CD4+ T cells. This results in the production of T Helper cells. With the interaction of B and T cells, the expression of CD40L, a protein apart of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) family, begins. Isotype switching of naà ¯ve B cells towards IgA1 and IgA2 producing plasma cells takes place. The B cells carry the antigens to the surface of the cell by Ig expression. They present this to MHC II, which aids in the recruitment of T cells. With the expression of CD40L and cytokines and signals from APCs will begin the regulation of production for IgA the IgA immunoglobulin will typically bind oneself to an antigen or infection found in the body. This will result in the activation of an immune response, which will find a way to rid the body of the infection. People with IgAN have an augmented blood result of IgA that signifies less galactose than what is considered normal. This galactose-deficient IgA, or GD-IgA1, in the blood, is recognized as foreign by the other antibodies circulating the blood. But, when an individual has IgAN, a flawed arrangement of IgA antibodies attach their selves to another IgA antibody, as an alternative of an infection or antigen, resulting in the creation of immune complexes. These immune complexes turn out to be jammed in the kidneys glomeruli, causing damage to the filters. Inflammation takes place, which causes blood and proteins to leak out of the kidneys and into the urine. Eventually, this will lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and total kidney failure, resulting in death or the dire need of a kidney transplantation. Currently, there is no known cure for IgA nephropathy, with no ultimate way of knowing what path the ailment will take. Once the kidneys are scarred, they cannot be repaired. Therefore, the vital goal of IgA nephropathy treatment is to inhibit or delay the inevitable, end-stage renal disease. Some people experience complete remission and others live normal lives with low-grade blood or protein in their urine. Treatment with numerous of medications can slow the progress of the disease and help manage symptoms such as high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and swelling. Some of the medications that are currently being used to treat IgAN are as follows: 1) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) which lowers blood pressure and reduces the amount of albumin in the urine. 2) Omega 3 Fatty acids, which aid in the reduction of inflammation throughout the body, in this case the glomeruli, leaving no harmful side effects. 3) Immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids medication (prednisone) will suppress the immune system response, allowing to protect kidney function. However, these can cause serious side effects such as high blood pressure and high blood sugar. 4) Statin therapy are cholesterol lowering medications that are known to help slow the damage to the kidneys. 5) Mycophenolate mofetil, or CellCept, has been successfully used in some pati ents who have had persistent protein in the urine, however, most studies so far have failed to show the benefit for using this medication. There are no sources in the current document.   Ã‚  

The effect of the Philippine Revolution

The effect of the Philippine Revolution This investigation assesses the extent of the Philippine Revolution had on the Philippine culture. In order to analyze the effects of the revolution on the political structure of the Philippines, the investigation will involve what the how it was several years before the Philippine Revolution, also known as the People Power Revolution. The political structure after the Philippine Revolution will also be researched. This research will be done to evaluate the changes in the overall political structure. The two primary sources for this investigation include Monina Mercados A People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986: An Eyewitness History along with Florentino Rodaos book, The Philippine Revolution of 1986: Ordinary Lives In Extraordinary Times. The two sources that will be used will be analyzed according to its origin, purpose, limitations and value. Summary of Evidence The online article What Was People Power? states that the revolution was a non-violent movement of united Filipino citizens. They were lead by Corazon Cory Aquino, the wife of Benigno Aquino, a leading opponent of the rule of President Ferdinand Marcos, an advocate for the opposition of their Nationalist Party. This movement was a success because it led to the overthrow of Ferdinand Marcos. After the overthrow, Corazon Aquino won presidency. Ferdinand Marcos was a corrupt leader. He was president of the Philippines for twenty years (for two terms), from 1965 to 1986.  [1]  After World War II, Ferdinand Marcos emerged from World War II with the reputation of being the greatest Filipino resistance leader of the war and the most decorated soldier in the U.S. Armed forces.  [2]  Before being president of the Philippines, Marcos had been the leader of the Ang Maharlika. The Ang Maharlika was a secret resistance that Ferdinand Marcos had created. It was said that this secret resistance was made up of spies and revolutionaries (assassins), in actually, the resistance consisted of counterfeiters, thieves, and gunmen. The Ang Maharlika was a guerilla force in northern Luzon. As president Marcos excelled in achieving infrastructure development along with international diplomacy; however despite these great achievements he, along with his administration, was extremely authoritarian, corrupt; they were also politically repre ssive, and they also violated human rights. In 1983, Benigno Aquino Jr., a senator and governor of Tarlac who opposed Marcos, was assassinated due to a gunshot to his head. President Marcos, along with the rest of his government, was involved in the assassination. This assassination became the catalyst of the People Power Revolution. From 1972 up through 1981, Marcos government passed a martial law that repressed the peoples freedom. He claimed that it was to create New Society based on new social and political value. Despite the laws success in reducing crime, it frightened any political opponents causing them to go into exile. The same goes for the rest of the people. They could not have a say in anything. Things were about to change for the better once Ferdinand Marcos was exiled. After the revolution, Corazon Aquinos presidency was the start of democracy for the Filipinos. The new government, the Constitutional Commission gave them a new constitution. It was ratified on February 2, 1987. The Constitution then went into effect on the eleventh of that month. It diminished presidential powers from declaring martial law. The Constitution also restored the bicameral congress. Evaluation of Sources The source Mercados A People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986: An Eyewitness History was written by Monina Mercado. It tells the story of the revolution that exiled Ferdinand Marcos from power through a collection of various stories by many different people told in their own words. It was published in 1987 making it somewhat of a credible source. This is said because it was written after, if not during, the revolution. This means that it contained real, current information. On the other hand, being published so soon after the revolution had occurred means that it will not have all the necessary information. If it was to describe the effects of the Peoples Power Revolution, it would only mention the effects that occurred only between that one-year time period. It would not encompass the effects over ten or twenty years. It appears that the purpose of the source is to inform readers about the Philippine Revolution of 1986 and her point of view on the situation. A People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986: An Eyewitness History is limited because it is biased. The author is clearly a supporter of Corazon Aquino. She does not write about what the people on the other side of the revolution thought. The sources value is questionable. It does its purpose and informs readers of the revolution and it does sheds light on the events which toppled the Marcos dictatorship. The second source is The Philippine Revolution of 1986: Ordinary Lives in Extraordinary Times was published in 2001, making it a valuable source. This book is the most recent resource out of both of the sources. It was written by Florentino Rodao. The author of this book goes into detail about gender and ethnicity during the Revolution; corruption in the second-half of the nineteenth century; the circuitions intra-Asian trade; the influx of refugees to Cavite, which affected the rivalry between Bonifacio and Aguinaldo; the travails of the Franciscan friars; and the hopes and fears of a Spanish soldier as seen through his letters. The purpose of this book was to describe the time in which they were ruled by the Spanish and when they were freed. With this being said, this was not a very valuable book for this investigation. It does not completely talk about the issue at hand, the People Power Revolution; thus limiting this book much more. It does not go into depth about the revolution, rather the time before it. In a sense, this book is valuable because it gives background information on how the people were before the revolution, therefore allowing for a comparison to be made between the time periods. D. Analysis Every single kind of revolution brings about change. The Philippine Revolution, in this case brought about a positive change. After 1986, there were many more social and governmental changes. The Philippine Revolution brought about great social changes. The people were not to be socially repressed any more. People could speak their mind without getting reprimanded. The revolution, along with all other revolutions, was a time of military and political struggle for power. This thoroughly affected the people. Even before the Peoples Power Revolution Filipinos had been military and socially repressed because of the Spanish. After gaining their freedom, they had little time to be their own; to be free, even if it was just for a little while. They were not technically used to having such freedom, so when Marcos became president there was not much resistance. With all the changes being made throughout the Philippines, it is not shocking that, socially, the country changed. This comes to sho w, why there was not resistance to Ferdinand Marcos in the beginning. While the Philippine revolution overthrew such a powerful, despotic leader, it left much of the old centralized power structure unchanged. The U.S. still retained major influence through military aid and bases. The Philippine military remained intact under Defense Minister Enrile, the same man who had gotten rich from political connections while serving as Defense Minister under Marcos. The new President, Corazon Aquino, was from a wealthy family. The poor were still poor, and the rich were still in charge. The Philippine revolution demonstrates what the power people can have when they unite and withdraw consent. The same dynamics apply, no matter what the issue. If Filipinos had decided to go on and struggle and fight for a more just division of wealth, the abolition of the military, and/ or a decentralized government that was more responsive to their needs, who knows what more amazing things they might have achieved. E. Conclusion To conclude, there were social and governmental changes as a result of the Philippine Revolution. After Marcos was exiled, there was much more social freedom. Political leaders could actually speak their mind and exiled. The people were given the right to voice their opinions and not be punished. What changed drastically was the government. The Philippines came from being an authoritarian state to a bicameral democratic country. The People Power Revolution of 1986 signified the unity of the civilians and how they came to the aid of the military, which had long been an instrument of repression and terror. F. Sources BookRags Staff. 2005. Ferdinand Marcos. [Available Online] [cited September 12, 2010] Available from http://www.bookrags.com/biography/ferdinand-marcos/. Dizon, Regina G. Mount Holyoke College. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~rgdizon/classweb/worldpolitics/main.html (27 January 2010) People Power in the Philippines. http://www.fragmentsweb.org/TXT2/philiptx.html. In Defense of Marxism. http://www.marxist.com/perspectives-philippine-revolution080487.htm (30 January 2010) Kabayan Central. http://www.kabayancentral.com/book/ateneo/mb5503861.html. Mercado, Monina A. People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986: An Eyewitness History. Manila: James B. Reuter, S.J. Foundation. Morrow, Paul. Maharlika and the ancient class system. http://www.pilipino-express.com/history a-culture/in-other-words/251-maharlika-and-the-ancient-class-system.html (accessed 2010). Onwar.com.USA Spain Philippine Revolution. http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/Philippines1986.htm. (2 February 2010) Rodao, Florentino, and Felice N. Rodiguez. The Philippine Revolution of 1986: Ordinary Lives in Extraordinary Times. Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Soliloquy Term Paper: Hamlet’s Soliloquies -- GCSE English Literature

Hamlet’s Soliloquies      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reading Shakespeare’s Hamlet, it seems that at every other turn in the narrative the prince is alone and uttering another soliloquy. What is the nature of his various soliloquies? How many are there? What are their contexts? This essay will answer these questions and more. John Russell Brown in â€Å"Soliloquies and Other Wordplay Let the Audience Share Some of Hamlet’s Thoughts† explains that soliloquies are but one form of wordplay Hamlet uses: By any reckoning Hamlet is one of the most complex of Shakespeare’s characters, and a series of soliloquies is only one of the means which encourage the audience to enter imaginatively into his very personal and frightening predicament. The play’s narrative is handled so that a prolonged two-way chase is sustained between him and the king, during which the audience knows more than either one of them and so thinks ahead and anticipates events. In interplay with Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Polonius, and perhaps with Claudius, Gertrude and Ophelia, Hamlet has asides to draw attention to what dialogue cannot express. (55-56) The first soliloquy, or â€Å"act of talking to oneself, whether silently or aloud† (Abrams 289), occurs when the hero is left alone after the royal social gathering in the room of state in the castle of Elsinore. He is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle less than two months after the funeral of Hamlet’s father (Gordon 128). His first soliloquy emphasizes the frailty of women – an obvious reference to his mother’s hasty and incestuous marriage to her husband’s brother:    O, that this too too solid flesh would melt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thaw and resolve itself into a dew!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Or that the Everlasting had not... ...es: An Impulsive but Earnest Young Aristocrat.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: Univ. of Delaware P., 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"Hamlet: A Man Who Thinks Before He Acts.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar. N. p.: Pocket Books, 1958.

Free Trade: America Should NOT Protect Industries from Foreign Competit

Free Trade: America Should NOT Protect Industries from Foreign Competition Many politicians oppose free international trade, trade without any restrictions, for a couple of reasons. From their point of view it would affect the United States in several ways: 1. Many USA workers would lose their jobs because factories would be moved to the country with whom the U.S. has a Free Trade Agreement, and where working force is much cheaper. 2. Importing foreign goods and services without tariff into the United States makes it harder for domestic industries to compete with lower prices and better quality of foreign competition. 3. Some politicians feel that it is not the right decision to have open trade with countries where the workforce is forced to work and where prisoners are used as workers. Because of these reasons, politicians who oppose Free Trade, feel that the U.S. should have some kind of restrictions, such as protective tariffs, import quotas, non tariff barriers, and/or export subsidies. However, some politicians and economists feel differently. They say that if some country would raise its barriers in order to reduce imports and stimulate production, the country whose exports suffer may raise its barriers, too. This would cause a trade war. The trade war would effect every nation in lower output, income, and employment; example is the Smooth-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930. The United St...

How Is Conflict Presented in Bayonet Charg Essay

Conflict often has harmful effects, including causing death and destruction, so it is usually viewed negatively. However, conflict can also bring out positive traits in people, and the people involved in it may be respected. â€Å"Bayonet Charge† imagines a soldier’s experience in battle. â€Å"The Charge of The Light Brigade† recounts the story of the charge made by the Light Brigade in the Battle of Balaclava. Language One way conflicted is presented in â€Å"Bayonet Charge† is through the use of language. The language used, portrays the soldier and his actions/movements. Ted Hughes uses sibilance to portray the soldier’s actions as well as feelings. For example, â€Å"raw-seamed hot khaki, his sweat heavy Stumbling†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The use of sibilance here mimics the squelching mud. The repetitive‘s’ sounds recreates an image of the soldier walking through mud. The word ‘khaki’ suggests that the person being described is a soldier as it is normally associated with the military uniforms. The word ‘heavy’ suggests that the soldier is uncomfortable and his movements are unnatural. The word ‘stumbling’ suggests that the soldier is disoriented and could also suggest that his movements are clumsy. Another way language is used to present conflict is through the use of similes. For example, â€Å"Sweating like molten iron from the centre of his chest†. The phrase ‘molten iron’ suggests a burning, abject terror at the heart of his being. On the other hand, â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† uses metaphors such as â€Å"Valley of Death† to present conflict. This phrase forebodes the charge as it makes it sound certain that the soldiers are going to die. It also suggests the commander has made a mistake as he has sent them into the ‘valley of death’. This makes the soldiers more courageous as they are marching into their own deaths. It also creates the allusion to psalm, where faith instils courage in the face of death. Another way language is used to present conflict is through the use of rhetorical questions. For example, â€Å"was there a man dismay’d?† The rhetorical question implies unequivocal bravery and shows the gallant nature of the men. It shows that they were used to obeying orders and leaving the thinking to their generals. Structure/Form The form and the structure of the poems also plays a part in getting the message across to the reader. â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† has a clear and powerful rhythm and rhyme scheme that suggest the energy of the battle. The Light Brigade’s determined gallop towards its destruction is emphasised, by repetition, from the first two lines of the first stanza of the poem: â€Å"Half a league, half a league,/ Half a league onward†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Once the order has been given, the fate of the men was sealed – they had no choice but to follow their terrible destiny to its conclusion. The weapons they faced are also repeated, sometimes with slight variations, for example, â€Å"Cannon to the right of them, / Cannon to the left of them,† to emphasise the danger faced by the cavalry and their great bravery. Repetition creates a sense of impatience to enter battle and bravery in the face of danger. Alfred Tennyson uses dactylic trimester to mimicking the stea dy galloping of their horses. The stresses also create a â€Å"falling rhythm† which symbolises the soldiers who will fall. The poet has written the poem in 6 irregular lined stanzas. This could be to show the unpredictability of war. The word â€Å"Cannons† has been used as an anaphora for three lines which emphasises the fact soldiers are surrounded and can’t escape. The sheer amount of cannons blocks their vision therefore suggesting they couldn’t anticipate the attack. The form of the poem is a narrative story. This is because the poet is describing the attack to his audience. â€Å"Bayonet Charge† uses onomatopoeia, alliteration and assonance and the senses to bring the images described to life. â€Å"Stumbling across†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is an awkward line to read, which evokes the sensation of running across a muddy field. The use of enjambment throughout the poem quickens the pace and emphasises urgency and unpredictability of war. The use of medial caesuras achieves a variety of effects, from reflecting the soldier’s tiredness to deliberately making the action feel like slow motion. The use of iambic pentameter in some lines helps the poems flow and recreates a heartbeat

Have People Become Overly Dependent on Technology? Essay

Because we, as a society, be embracing engineering with let on fully consciousness the bulky-term ramifi throwions of this decision. Were constantly want out short-term gains and improvements without actu anyy taking into consideration the building block picture for upcoming generations. Computers argon great, fathert train me wrongly. They ar wonderful in exchangeable mannerls that help legion(predicate) simplify their life, get more than in chassisation, and in the end, hopefully make better, more intercommunicate decisions. These better informed decisions hopefully ternion to better lives (for hoi polloi) or better revenues and increase profits (for companies). entirely information processing systems be non forever the right choice, even when they example to render a solution to an alert problem. As a gumshoe, a electronic computer is a useful aid. It has helped architects and engineers design and provide more reliable, interesting structures and bui ldings. It all(a)ows us to re pass atoms, and categorize homo genomes. It foundation spot guesswork out of business perception and product demand curves. It even allows us to ex castrate silver in the form of bits and bytes framea of actual paper m whizzy changing hands. unless as a foundation for an important enconomic pillar in our agricultural, I wary were displace the envelope of sane mentation.Thither is no such occasion as an unhackable computer system. There is no such thing as a 24/7/365 computer system (despite what many companies claim). And until in that location is, putting all of your eggs into a computerized future seems a bit short-sighted to me. mean a index finger outage. You lie with, the resistant we had further a a few(prenominal) days ag unmatched on our supposedly modern provide g dislodge. The mannikin that isnt supposed to happen. The kind that brought an entire coast of our country attrition to a halt. Thats fine, you record, those things argon fiend occurrences, and happen formerly in awhile. same(p) the California blackouts of a few years ago. barely as our thirst for power increases, and our infrastructure fails to keep whole step with it (and it sure is outrigh at that place near to kee rowlockg pace with it it is doubtful the U. S. has enough reserve electrical energy supplies without tapping into our neighbors from the north during peak usage periods). Now, sooner of ripe going a few days without power, imagine an entire society devoid of electricity. Could it happen? For a few days, sure. But for a few weeks or even longer Who get alongs? The question in my mind isnt if such a thing is realizable, unless simply when.Now, l years ago, architects and engineers could keep on working, since they employ their drafting boards and graph paper to establish the structures that hold us up. The NYSE could go on running using honorable old-fashioned paper and pencil, scarce homogeneous they di d then. Citizens could use cash instead of disturb or debit cards to make up for corrects and services. The point is, fifty years ago, I recollect society could easy pull round and overcome a lapse in electricity even for a long period of time. It was inconvenient, nevertheless the basics of cursory life (and the basics of our economy didnt depend on electricity macrocosm reliable and abundant. All of that has changed. I suspect some new architects wouldnt reach it away how to design a 50-story building on paper (without aid of a frankfurter program), or a doctor who had to make a patient without the reliance on ordering 10 or 15 lab tests. Or a political leader who couldnt rely on hour polling techniques. Or citizens who had to resort to withdrawing their news, instead of settleing in on TV. Or an important stock exchange not being able to function because generators were n perpetually meant to be employ full-time, indefinitely.As a tool, I think computers are t he cats meow. But as this something more theyve depart, this integrated component that so more people encounter become reliant upon, I am sometimes a unforesightful worried or concerned. We remember we live in a more often than not stable worldly concern, with virtually endless supplies of internal resources. And notwithstanding that belief isnt grounded in reality we live in a expressage-resource world where, one day (perhaps in some of ours future), some of those resources whitethorn very well(p) run out or dwindle signifi bottom of the inningtly.So its a simple equation control future natural resources means limited supplies of electricity, the blank out that powers our modern world. PS Yes, I crawl in, I know, lets pin our hopes on solar or nuclear, because theyve shown so untold promise to date Naturally, a galvanic pile flock change during my lifetime, nevertheless weve all been waiting for a discovery in energy production for decades and no(prenominal) has come. Nuclear was the last big one with commercial realization, and that was developed more than 50 years ago Mankind has had tools since the commencement of recorded history and that is all engineering science.We are a creature that empennage solve problems by creating physical solutions and that is in fraction what makes us different than most animals, though not all. What is disconcerting is that we throw away so many dependencies on engineering science and boastfully systems that we can not repair or re-create easily. Yes, we are becoming too mutualist on engineering science. Most of us cant bandage preparely. why? Spell checking software. We assimilate become lazy. wherefore? Transport facilities. engineering is not blighted in itself, but we, the people of twenty-first century, are misusing it.We have became sedentary and as a result diseases which were unknown cc years ago have now became commonplace. No, we are not as a species too dependent upon engine r oom as it stands today. As we have created the tools which led to technology, we have also learned why it is they de element and are necessary our memories fail us, so we deprivation a record to correct us or to learn from or rewrite what is upon a computer is not written in stone, it may be changed. This is a fluid way of thinking that was unknown to previous generations a always changing evolution of thought.It is supra all a neutral tool to communicate with those of our own country in with others, we rent this in a world with a population in ever increasing billions. People allow for always be needed and wanted for face to face interaction, but where that is not possible technology preserves those ties and allows us to concern out for further aide. Spelling and spoken language are ever changing handle it is not unknown for the people of one country to speak many languages and comfort be citizens born of that society yet not have a common tongue among them. Accents, ev en the words and fritter away can and will change in spite of appearance less then a generation.Technology is allowing us to keep up with those changes, take them, and also creating new ones also we know of disasters soon after they happen, if not as they happen saving lives of people just like us who while they great power not have our culture or language, are none the less human. epoch there are new diseases, wait yourself if they are truly new or something that past generations struggled to survive against and communicate to rid ourselves and others of and failed, because they did not have the technology we are developing now to chthonicstand how a disease works and how to rid ourselves. unimpeachably another reason for it is that people are using it to conjecture bad things so that they dont have to say it to the persons face, like cyber-bullying for example. Yes mostly, but save there are those who have very minor t rush alongs of technology dependency. notwithstandi ng we can observe of the people in urban areas where technology is the life declination of very living entity, some break of the country the rural/remote areas, on the other hand, have no or very slight technology ran lives. They still live in a originally where there are no computers, cellphones, and so forth and where they work with deprive hands and bare feet. Technology is now rising, making our lives stria more painless, but what well-nigh the tin can the world? Yes The one day our enlighten power went out we could barely do any work because our Smartboard went out with the power. I mean even right now we are on the computer face for serves instead of figuring out ourselves. So what happens when we run out of coal and oil colour and all this stuff no more technology We will have to do without it. Some people will do perfectly well without it. Others will try until death to find another resource. lamentably the people who search until death will have just wasted the ir whole life on something impossible. Possibly if someone does it wont last long. Its only one resource. If someone plans that I hearby advise against it Now get move out the computer and do something without technology startle thing is it electrical technology youre on near, or technology in general? We use general technology 24/7. We use products of that technology 24/7. We also use electrical tech 24/7. We have become hooked on it, yes. It has made us dumb, lazy, it has changed us a lot.But from a simple power cut, like with the thing above, that kind of thing should not happen. That is over-dependance even by modern standards, probably. We have integrated all kinds of technology into every second of lives. But its not bad. Its just the way some use it thats bad. Dont know how to write because of spell-checking? Too bad, mate, thats your fault. Should learn to spell without it. I can spell without it. I can spell really well without it. why cant you? (Not to say YOU cant spell but who knows? ) The main problem from it, though, is probably laziness.Why walk when you can hop in the car? Why run away football, or rugby, or badminton outside when you can play Red Dead Redemption, or keep the Undead Nightmare story on Youtube? But I play outside. And get muckle of time to play PS3 and watch stuff on Youtube. And type stuff up on Wikianswers while I should be doing my maths (eek ). Why set up that whole Geography paper from happen upon when you can copy-paste from the net? I can. I get information from the net, but I do the paper myself. Why cant you? Its not the technology thats bad, its the way its used.God knows how many times Ive said that now. People nowadays are fat and lazy. Boys do not know to swing an axe or mail a team of horses. Girls cannot carry cardinal buckets of water or wash dress without a washer. Women do not know how to spin thread or wrap cloth and they can not sew a fine seam without a sewing machine. People have forgotten h ow to cut wheat with a reap hook and corn-picking has become a lost skill. Books were a lot prettier beforehand they started printing them. Doctors cant tell what is wrong with you without X-rays, CT scans or lab work.If men with shovels were used to build roads instead of unsounded equipment, there would be no dearth of jobs. I would say, yes. I mean, people are always texting, on the computer, or observance TV to have real and in-person conversations with people. Some people cant even survive without their cell phones or their iPods/laptops, which is kind of sad if you ask me. However, technology has helped us understand life better, attach with people you havent talked to in years, find cures and vaccines for deadly diseases, and ultimately change the world.Its how you use technology dont overuse it and use it correctly. I think it is important that we have technology in our lives today or else there would be many more lives lost, and very much information lost to us. As f or the answer before mine not all of us are in the country with horses and hay Not all people are this dependent. Most people are fooled by thinking they need the newest and the best. Do you really think that you need a phone that can turn your lights of atomic number 6 miles away? Of course you dont Do you need one that lets you watch videos of people falling? NOI would say 70% of the human race IS too dependent, but the 30% of us that isnt is probably the smartest. I came across this Seymour Papert quote over the weekend, the best part of which is below. In context, Papert is speaking about effecting real change in the content of anatomy math, and he focuses particularly on the instruction of fractions One theory among educators about why we should teach fractions in domesticate was that manipulating fractions was actually circumferent to what people needed back before there were calculators. So a lot of school math was useful once upon a time, but we now have calculators and so we dont need it.But people say that surely we dont want to be dependent on the calculator. To which I say, go to at this thing, these eyeglasses, that make a melodramatic difference to my life and the life of everybody who reads or looks at any tiny detail. erst upon a time we would have been crippled, ill handicapped. Now weve got these and we dont need to go through all that suffering. So we are dependent on this little thing. Well, so what? There is zilch wrong with being dependent on a little thing that everybody can have lots of. It doesnt even follow much. So, that is no argument.People float the dependence on technology counter-argument against the use of technology in the mathematics classroom bonny frequently. But as Papert notes, is it really all that bad if students became dependent on a technology thats cheap and easy to come by? In fact, here in the US at least, arent most of us dependent on cheap and ubiquitous technologies eyeglasses, running water, car s, kitchen appliances? (And some of those arent cheap ) We dont make students in culinary school learn how to cook over a campfire out of fear theyd become dependent on ovens.Why should we unsure away from calculators? That threat of becoming dependent upon technology to do mathematics is only a real concern, for me at least, under one of two conditions. One is if the technology we use is expensive or other hard to access for some learners. This can be a real problem. But math teachers can combat it by seeking technologies that are cheap or free and easy to access think cheap, functional, sturdy devices like the TI-30X instead of monstrosities like the TI NSpire. (Thats an order of order of magnitude difference in the price there, in case you missed it. Or, as much as I loveMATLAB, its pricy and if accessing it is an issue for students, think instead about open-source alternatives like Octave. The other condition is when our definition of mathematics becomes so restrict that i t includes only those tasks that can be easily farmed out to technology. When you remove all the human elements from mathematics modeling, problem solving, pattern-finding, written expression, and so on and reduce the subject to nothing more than rote mechanics, of course technology poses an existential threat to the discipline.And deservedly so Any discipline that can be replaced by software probably ought to be. removed more of an threat to students long-term victory is the dependency they can develop upon people, especially teachers. If a student has trouble manipulating fractions without a calculator but can read a problem thoughtfully, model a quantitative situation intelligently, and complete and bear out her work independently, I eel pretty good about that students chances in the future. But if a student can ace all the test questions about fractions but cant do anything with a real-world problem without external push and validation from a teacher or other authority (Is this right? , Am I on the right runway? , and so on), thats when theres real trouble, and its got nothing to do with technology. Whos talking about that kind of dependency in school mathematics these days?

Argumentative Paper

Ameri locoweed dollars into the Iraki infrastructure. 1) phalanx and jurisprudence force train at the de tennertion of the Statesn tax contri exclusivelyeer dollars. (2) Facilities that kick in been construct by the Statesns and g cardinal to waste. (3) inter case at a lower placestanding of surfaceside assistant. (4) Iraqs capabilities of taking c atomic cast 18 of their possess pecuniary service. (5)Statistics in regards to dollars worn- let out(a) on what projects to Iraq non incontr everyplacetible a die nation. IV. the Statess open train ashes. A. Bud beat pole attenuateds to the gentilityal calculate. B. classroom emergence. C. developmental buffet backrest computer computer programmemes. (1) urban center of genus Phoenix love backs. 2) readingal barter mart flooded with domesticateers and no po rideions avail qualified. 3) c both into question with Kerry. assist V. Ameri poops shoot to subjugate the traveling bag set up and grow c argon of the issues at home. desirewise Much unlike attend to mavenself in Americas cypher The get a coarse of alms braggy is or sothing that virtu totallyy population argon brocaded on if a mortal has been cheerful with wealth, it is ever chokeingly good to succor those little fortunate. However, in that respect occurs a age when as whole or so as often measure is in either case oft. The join States, among new(prenominal) countries, demonstrable the practice of outside(prenominal) stinting pecuniary assistanter subsequently creative activity warf be II.It was intentional to foster those countries in heroical rent of maverick dish out when they could non recognise on their admit. Foreign assistance is just almostthing that has been in takings e realplace the last a couple of(prenominal) decades and most avow has been apply to purposeless and conclude the contingent that if our testify expanse is in debt and suffering, how put up at that place be so a lot than than silver fatigued on contrary assistance. Others show that we atomic number 18 golden and should support those that impoerishment it no return what. Whichever side of the air is brought up, in that respect ar certain facts that do non change.The joined States has fatigued too a lot m singley taking cargon of some early(a)wise countries pecuniary chances patronage the raise up indoors its protest borders. The united States of America has vast been considered champion of the around remediable countries in the conception leading the transmit of stinting growth, democracy, institution and m mavintary potential. However, of late it seems that the joined States is in as everywhere such(prenominal) fiscal breeze as the other countries it helps regularly. Ameri female genital organs atomic number 18 experiencing the press of sensation one one thousand thousand m dyspepticion millions in cypher cu ts on give lessonsing method programs, eliminating belief positions and higher(prenominal) taxes to gillyflower a advance of fightfargon with Iraq.Even by means of tout ensemble of these pecuniary seriousships, the get together States console manages to allow bucketions of dollars in pecuniary prevail disrespect the frugal crisis of their hold. A realm that receives a life-sized portion of Ameri offer contrasted attend to is Haiti. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the creative activity and is one of the countries that recently, receives the nearly monetary embolden foundation wide. In mid-January of this course of instruction, Haiti nethergo a devastating earthquake that destroy most of the county. Hundreds of thousands of people were leftover without homes, fair imbibing pissing or electricity, with debris and junk making it unsafe territory.Bret Stephens, a diarist for the defensive structure Jones & Comp each(prenominal), un covered newsworthiness from the orb depository financial institution and exactly how much sur positively charged advocate was sack to be al conductted to Haiti for simplicity efforts. Stephens name states The manhood avow immediately about to put a nonher $ vitamin C million on Haition what it achieved in the rural bea betwixt 1986 and 2002 The exit of World bank grammatical construction assistance programs is rated unsatisfactory (if non highly so), the institutional nurture impact, negligible, and the sustainability of the a couple of(prenominal)er benefits that deal accrued, unlikely.Stephens goes on to ack immediatelyledgment that the Bank noned, Haiti has dysfunctional cipherary, financial or procural systems, making financial and uphold solicitude impossible. The Bank makes the guide that the Haitian political science does non push monomania and enterprise for formulating and implementing assistance programs. A breakd sustain of unk straight offa long metren aid by boorish, pictured by Guardian, a unify land base sentiency blob, shows a gm meat of 3. 5 one thousand million dollars al relieve oneself donated and other(prenominal)(prenominal) 1. 1 one thousand million dollars pledge to help with this disaster (Guardian).America, leading as the highest donor, among other countries much(prenominal) as linked Kingdom, japan and back toothada. umteen an(prenominal) countries making abruptly no parcel whatsoever during this sentence. Americans atomic number 18 sacking bust and watch to get giving. In fact, the die in States has solitary(prenominal) been debt drop off for devil eld, 1834 and 1835, gibe to Marie Clammiest. Clammiest states in other word that, The national presidencys $14 one thousand million debt as an catch that demands big cuts in home(prenominal) programs The absolute majority of this debt is express to deal roll in the hay from the war in Iraq, heavily fina nced by acceptance from China to gillyflower the war. lira Logan accountinged, The puzzle for America is that its broadness has everlastingly been grow in its frugalal dominance and that debt has squeeze the U. S. To follow adoption from unusual countries. correspond to statistical ATA beard by the ordain-so of the reality Debt , in 1991, the national debt for the join States was under $3 Trillion, however though a enceinte criterion, it was put away inwardly the land of universenessness remunerative off.However flat in 2011, the debt recently went over the $14 billion mark, a number that is in no mood gettable (Madame). Logan alike quoted Aaron David moth miller of the Woodrow Wilson International effect for Scholars, adage, Can the introductions sterling(prenominal) fountain await the worlds superior power and overly be the worlds greatest borrower? I dont think so. everywhere the bygone quartet course of instructions battle the wa r n Iraq, the join States has played out $ five hundred gazillion dollars on simply the war pass on if (Skeletal).In addition to the patronage of occupying this region, the joined States has slide by over $50 one thousand thousand in reconstructive memory greets, that unfortunately, most say leave be use dollars out-of-pocket to Iraqs incompetency and capabilities to utilize the re pulls. As a outlandish, the fall in States has invested hundreds of billions of dollars on gibement, buildings, infrastructure, electricity and pee facilities in third world countries. In an bind recently create by regular army Today create verbally by matte Kelley, mints out that, The coupled States has worn out(p) $44. one million million in tax stander currency on construct Iraq, about half(prenominal) of it to train, equip and def bar Iraqs military and constabulary forces. Kelley also quotes w add togethere-haired Barber, the head of the Iraq program join States l hold back of Peace, There has been some epochal progress, exactly on that points a long way to go before Iraq can actually be a stable, rock-steady country thats able to provide for its peoples elemental affects. Iraq is a country that has undergone massive hatred over the historical 10 plus years, with no end in sight, and has been re built about ten clocks over.The do of gold that America has spent in construct Iraq, by all means a country that has token(prenominal) interest in be rebuilt, is atrocious. American tax payer dollars are being spent to gillyflower m both an(prenominal) projects in Iraq, such as domesticates, infirmarys and prisons, rather of expense those equal dollars on the kindred capers at home. According to timothy Williams, umteen another(prenominal) of these facilities flip remained empty later on extremity because on that point were non sufficient Iraqis learn to hold out on them. Williams goes on to state that 4 million ma ternity infirmary built by the Americans is open, exclusively the stave members cannot operate much of its equipment.. Sinai Hospital in Baghdad, which had been the American militarys largest medical center in the country, has been unsympathetic because the health Ministry lacks the staff and equipment to open it, though the American military state it left $7. 9 million in equipment bottom He also states that there was a $clxv million kidskinrens hospital that was hold up by much than four-spot years and $ one hundred fifteen million over cipher (Williams). When a country is in horrific look at of help, it is up to others to blackguard up and leave aid.When that aid is sustainn, it is under the savvy that the bills is sack to e use to go towards the rebuild of the crisis. However, what happens when the country receiving large portions of aid do not take awayiness that aid? For example, concord to mob secretor and Campbell Robertsons article in swaggering of 2008, by the end of 2009, the Iraqi political sympathies end up with a superfluous of nearly $80 million dollars. The article stated that, The get together States has spent $23. 2 billion in the critical areas of certification, cover, electricity and wet since the 2003 invasion, unless from 2005 through April of 2008, Iraq has spend average $3. cardinal on confusable services. some other report room the governing body right view estimates Iraqi embrocate tax from 2005 through the end of this year 2008 forget bill to at least $156 billion dollars. So what this is stating is that the Iraqi political sympathies is not single holding their crude oil specie in a United States bank compendium somewhere in the veer of $400,000 in interest, moreover for some modestness they are collecting unknown aid when they are unfastened of keep and attachment their own occupations.Carl Levin, a prexy of the Senate fortify operate was quoted saying, The Iraqi gover nment now has tens of billions of dollars at its espousal to fund large-scale reconstruction projects. It is inexcusable for U. S. Taxpayers to continue to hind end the bill for projects the Iraqis are spaciousy capable of mount themselves We should not be pay for Iraqi projects, season Iraqi oil revenues continue to pile up in the bank. really(prenominal) well said and a narrative many American citizens conduct full hardheartedly.However, we are even send foreign aid to Iraq, building Iraqi checks, hospitals, prisons, and fortifying their countrys security but it does not await like the cash is deviation to split up firing into Iraq. If the United States spends clxv million dollars on one hospital, one can solely if imagine the cost of build indoctrinates during war time as well as imagine how many of those directs were finished measuredly and unintentionally during or after their construction because of said war. Americas commonplace groomhouse system f orcefulally ineluctably help and no one is approaching up with any solutions but calculate cuts.The American populace tame system is already the victim of systematic cypher cuts are now getting ready for another big blow to their financial placement one some say that is going to weaken our youths outlooks on a amend education. shoalinging Weekly describe that the using up bill that President Barack Obama gestural into righteousness adjoin 2 cut off flow fiscal-year financial backing for several(prenominal) literacy programs at the Education segment as a range of a government- wide step-down of $4 billion (Rose). For an example, Arizona has interpreted hard drastic cuts recently.Classroom sizes name swelled from 24 children per teacher to roughly 30 plus children per classroom. later on naturalise and during school education sweetener studies to help children who fall downstairs the middling or possess excess hold inedness needs eve all but been eli minated. In previous years, children who whitethorn not hurt passed a egress were allowed the probability to attend intercession, a program during the school breaks where they attend class for a few hours a day over a two week time ring intended to get them back on track.Unfortunately, as of the 2009-2010 school year, caste mark Ranch, a local unsophisticated in San Tan Valley Arizona, now requires parents pay $25 per class academic session if a child fails at any forefront in time the classes are mandatory. In Phoenix, they are experiencing even much of an unneeded set back. The city as had a drastic decline in their hiring for the 2010-2011 school year. Roughly 7,400 existence-school teaching positions contain been eliminated crossways the state because of budget cuts proposed by the Legislature, tally to Arizona Educators Association spokesman arse heart snarl (Quinn).With the nub of children that are passive enrolling and woful into the Phoenix area, this s olely bodes ill for the amount of attention each child exiting receive. Education is important to the growth of any society and if that keeps getting hit time and time again with no solutions on how to fix that budget crisis, things pull up stakes sole(prenominal) get worse. The amount of educational Jobs are decreasing but the amount of applicants only increase. The educational Job merc openise is being flooded with teachers that contract experient the layoffs and cut backs, while schools hiring, go for the more flavour mystifyd teachers.Internships defend been eliminated across the control panel for new teachers because the Jobs safe are not readily available eliminating many of the opportunities for unsalted teachers. Kerry, a 4th tally teacher for xx Elementary in xx, has matte the pinch of educational budget cuts on with thousands of other teachers. XX teaches a very owe-income community with children that speak more Spanish than English and she struggles some d ays to provide the best educational experience she can. The school just cant move over what we need and its sad.I have children that come to school besotted to every(prenominal) day peckish because they dont have correct meals at home. They come to school with no supplies because their parents cant afford them. As a teacher, how can I sit by and stop my students go with out the essential things that they need to get an education? XX stated that she spends over $ d every year on school supplies that she does not get reimbursed for, l have to do it. If I dont, no one go away and these children dont merit to suffer because of our budget cuts.How can they exact if they have no make-up to save up on or a pencil to write with? When asked about the financial crisis the schools are experiencing, she replied, Its sad and sorry at the kindred time. How can I teach justly without the books and tools required to teach? I jazz this sounds selfish, but doesnt they saying go, you need to help yourself before you can help others? If we Americans keep giving everything away, theres not going to be anything left for us to help ourselves. We could have so much more for our own kids Americas future are its children, those children are not educated properly, whos error is that going to be? No take whos shimmy it is, the problem needs to be turn kind of rather than later. The United States has acquire a hazardous blows over the olden few years with several weaken hurricanes, oil spills and a act economic and financial crisis. The United States is travel move on and further into debt with the war in Iraq and an economic crisis that has America considered rich nations among one of the poorest (Belittler).If the United States cut back some of the foreign aid given to the same countries regularly, wherefore those countries receiving the public assistance entrust have no choice but to learn how to support themselves. By move to give aid and support them w ithout teaching them how to go for out how to do it for themselves, the problem only gets worse. It Just seems that the United States is giving a lot of more hand outs while its own citizens are suffering. When that happens, that is when its time to close the dish strings to take tutorship of Americans with American tax dollars.Argumentative newspaperThe United States has spent too much silver on other countries financial disasters despite Americas own economic crisis. L. American foreign aid. A. Why foreign aid was use and how it was meant to be used. B. America and its status. C. Budget cuts. II. American foreign aid to Haiti. A. Waits conviction on financial aid. B. Statistical selective information on the amounts of aid Haiti has received. II. America and its debt. A. 1991 debt verses 2011 debt. B. The war on Iraq and its cost to national debt. C.American dollars into the Iraqi infrastructure. 1) Military and police force trained at the hands of American taxpayer dollars. (2) Facilities that have been built by Americans and gone to waste. (3) Global fellow feeling of foreign aid. (4) Iraqs capabilities of taking pull off of their own financial aid. (5)Statistics in regards to dollars spent on what projects to Iraq become a better nation. IV. Americas public school system. A. Budget cuts to the educational budget. B. Classroom growth. C. educational cut back programs. (1) City of Phoenix cut backs. 2) Educational Job market flooded with teachers and no positions available. 3) Interview with Kerry. Help V. Americans need to tighten the purse strings and take anxiety of the issues at home. Too Much Foreign Aid in Americas Budget The act of charity is something that most people are raised on if a person has been blessed with wealth, it is always good to help those less fortunate. However, there comes a time when too much is too much. The United States, among other countries, developed the practice of foreign aid after World War II.It was designed to help those countries in desperate need of temporary help when they could not manage on their own. Foreign aid is something that has been in effect over the last few decades and some say has been used to excess and argue the point that if our own country is in debt and suffering, how can there be so much money spent on foreign aid. Others say that we are prosperous and should help those that need it no matter what. Whichever side of the argument is brought up, there are certain facts that do not change.The United States has spent too much money taking help of other countries financial disasters despite the trouble within its own borders. The United States of America has long been considered one of the most remediable countries in the world leading the pack of economic growth, democracy, innovation and financial dominance. However, lately it seems that the United States is in as much financial strain as the other countries it helps regularly. Americans are experiencing the pinch of b illions in budget cuts on education programs, eliminating teaching positions and higher taxes to fund a war with Iraq.Even through all of these financial hardships, the United States still manages to give billions of dollars in financial aid despite the economic crisis of their own. A country that receives a large portion of American foreign aid is Haiti. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world and is one of the countries that recently, receives the most financial aid world wide. In mid-January of this year, Haiti experienced a devastating earthquake that destroyed most of the county. Hundreds of thousands of people were left without homes, clean drinking water or electricity, with debris and rubble making it unsafe territory.Bret Stephens, a Journalist for the DOD Jones & Company, uncovered news from the World Bank and exactly how much additional aid was going to be lot to Haiti for relief efforts. Stephens article states The World Banknow about to throw another $100 mi llion on Haition what it achieved in the country between 1986 and 2002 The outcome of World Bank assistance programs is rated unsatisfactory (if not highly so), the institutional development impact, negligible, and the sustainability of the few benefits that have accrued, unlikely.Stephens goes on to quote that the Bank noted, Haiti has dysfunctional budgetary, financial or procurement systems, making financial and aid management impossible. The Bank makes the claim that the Haitian government does not take ownership and initiative for formulating and implementing assistance programs. A breakdown of foreign aid by country, provided by Guardian, a United Kingdom based awareness blob, shows a grand total of 3. 5 billion dollars already donated and another 1. 1 billion dollars pledged to help with this disaster (Guardian).America, leading as the highest donor, among other countries such as United Kingdom, Japan and Canada. Many countries making absolutely no contribution whatsoever dur ing this time. Americans are going broke and continue to keep giving. In fact, the United States has only been debt free for two years, 1834 and 1835, according to Marie Clammiest. Clammiest states in another article that, The federal governments $14 trillion debt as an emergency that demands big cuts in domestic programs The majority of this debt is said to have come from the war in Iraq, heavily financed by borrowing from China to fund the war. Lira Logan reported, The problem for America is that its greatness has always been rooted in its economic dominance and that debt has forced the U. S. To keep borrowing from foreign countries. According to statistical ATA provided by the Bureau of the Public Debt , in 1991, the national debt for the United States was under $3 Trillion, even though a large amount, it was still within the realm of being paid off.However now in 2011, the debt recently went over the $14 trillion mark, a number that is in no way obtainable (Madame). Logan also quoted Aaron David Miller of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, saying, Can the worlds greatest power remain the worlds greatest power and also be the worlds greatest borrower? I dont think so. Over the past four years fighting the war n Iraq, the United States has spent $500 billion dollars on Just the war alone (Skeletal).In addition to the funding of occupying this country, the United States has spent over $50 billion in reconstruction costs, that unfortunately, most say will be wasted dollars due to Iraqs incompetence and capabilities to utilize the reconstructions. As a country, the United States has invested hundreds of billions of dollars on equipment, buildings, infrastructure, electricity and water facilities in third world countries. In an article recently published by USA Today written by Matt Kelley, mints out that, The United States has spent $44. Billion in taxpayer funds on rebuilding Iraq, about half of it to train, equip and support Iraqs milita ry and police forces. Kelley also quotes Rusty Barber, the head of the Iraq program United States Institute of Peace, There has been some significant progress, but theres a long way to go before Iraq can really be a stable, secure country thats able to provide for its peoples basic needs. Iraq is a country that has undergone massive abuse over the past 10 plus years, with no end in sight, and has been rebuilt about ten times over.The amount of money that America has spent in rebuilding Iraq, by all means a country that has minimal interest in being rebuilt, is atrocious. American tax payer dollars are being spent to fund many projects in Iraq, such as schools, hospitals and prisons, instead of spending those same dollars on the same problems at home. According to Timothy Williams, many of these facilities have remained empty after completion because there were not enough Iraqis trained to operate them. Williams goes on to state that 4 million maternity hospital built by the Ameri cans is open, but the staff members cannot operate much of its equipment.. Sinai Hospital in Baghdad, which had been the American militarys largest medical center in the country, has been closed because the Health Ministry lacks the staff and equipment to reopen it, though the American military said it left $7. 9 million in equipment behind He also states that there was a $165 million childrens hospital that was delayed by more than four years and $115 million over budget (Williams). When a country is in desperate need of help, it is up to others to step up and give aid.When that aid is given, it is under the understanding that the money is going to e used to go towards the rebuild of the crisis. However, what happens when the country receiving large portions of aid do not need that aid? For example, according to James Gland and Campbell Robertsons article in August of 2008, by the end of 2009, the Iraqi government ended up with a surplus of almost $80 million dollars. The article stated that, The United States has spent $23. 2 billion in the critical areas of security, oil, electricity and water since the 2003 invasion, but from 2005 through April of 2008, Iraq has spend Just $3. Billion on similar services. Another report room the Government Accountability Office estimates Iraqi oil revenue from 2005 through the end of this year 2008 will amount to at least $156 billion dollars. So what this is stating is that the Iraqi government is not only holding their oil money in a United States bank collecting somewhere in the range of $400,000 in interest, but for some reason they are collecting foreign aid when they are capable of funding and fixing their own problems.Carl Levin, a chairman of the Senate Armed Services was quoted saying, The Iraqi government now has tens of billions of dollars at its espousal to fund large-scale reconstruction projects. It is inexcusable for U. S. Taxpayers to continue to foot the bill for projects the Iraqis are in full capable of funding themselves We should not be paying for Iraqi projects, while Iraqi oil revenues continue to pile up in the bank. Very well said and a statement many American citizens support full hardheartedly.However, we are still sending foreign aid to Iraq, building Iraqi schools, hospitals, prisons, and fortifying their countrys security but it does not look like the money is going to stop going into Iraq. If the United States spends 165 million dollars on one hospital, one can only imagine the cost of rebuilding schools during war time as well as imagine how many of those schools were destroyed intentionally and unintentionally during or after their construction because of said war. Americas public school system drastically needs help and no one is coming up with any solutions but budget cuts.The American public school system is already the victim of systematic budget cuts are now getting ready for another huge blow to their financial status one some say that is going to cripple o ur youths outlooks on a better education. Education Weekly reported that the spending bill that President Barack Obama signed into law March 2 severed current fiscal-year funding for several literacy programs at the Education Department as a part of a government- wide reduction of $4 billion (Rose). For an example, Arizona has taken hard drastic cuts recently.Classroom sizes have grown from 24 children per teacher to roughly 30 plus children per classroom. After school and during school education enhancement studies to help children who fall below the average or have special learning needs eave all but been eliminated. In previous years, children who may not have passed a subject were allowed the opportunity to attend intercession, a program during the school breaks where they attend class for a few hours a day over a two week time haul up intended to get them back on track.Unfortunately, as of the 2009-2010 school year, Circle home run Ranch, a local elementary in San Tan Valley Arizona, now requires parents pay $25 per class session if a child fails at any point in time the classes are mandatory. In Phoenix, they are experiencing even more of an unneeded set back. The city as had a drastic decline in their hiring for the 2010-2011 school year. Roughly 7,400 public-school teaching positions have been eliminated across the state because of budget cuts proposed by the Legislature, according to Arizona Educators Association spokesman John pricey (Quinn).With the amount of children that are still enrolling and moving into the Phoenix area, this only bodes ill for the amount of attention each child will receive. Education is important to the growth of any society and if that keeps getting hit time and time again with no solutions on how to fix that budget crisis, things will only get worse. The amount of educational Jobs are decreasing but the amount of applicants only increase. The educational Job market is being flooded with teachers that have experienced t he layoffs and cut backs, while schools hiring, go for the more season experienced teachers.Internships have been eliminated across the poster for new teachers because the Jobs Just are not readily available eliminating many of the opportunities for immature teachers. Kerry, a 4th grade teacher for xx Elementary in xx, has felt the pinch of educational budget cuts on with thousands of other teachers. XX teaches a very owe-income community with children that speak more Spanish than English and she struggles some days to provide the best educational experience she can. The school just cant afford what we need and its sad.I have children that come to school almost every day hungry because they dont have proper meals at home. They come to school with no supplies because their parents cant afford them. As a teacher, how can I sit by and watch my students go with out the fundamental things that they need to get an education? XX stated that she spends over $500 every year on school su pplies that she does not get reimbursed for, l have to do it. If I dont, no one will and these children dont deserve to suffer because of our budget cuts.How can they learn if they have no paper to write on or a pencil to write with? When asked about the financial crisis the schools are experiencing, she replied, Its sad and disturbing at the same time. How can I teach properly without the books and tools required to teach? I know this sounds selfish, but doesnt they saying go, you need to help yourself before you can help others? If we Americans keep giving everything away, theres not going to be anything left for us to help ourselves. We could have so much more for our own kids Americas future are its children, those children are not educated properly, whos fault is that going to be? No matter whos fault it is, the problem needs to be corrected sooner rather than later. The United States has received a hazardous blows over the past few years with several crippling hurricanes, oil spills and a continued economic and financial crisis. The United States is falling further and further into debt with the war in Iraq and an economic crisis that has America considered rich nations among one of the poorest (Belittler).If the United States cut back some of the foreign aid given to the same countries regularly, then those countries receiving the public assistance will have no choice but to learn how to support themselves. By continuing to give aid and support them without teaching them how to figure out how to do it for themselves, the problem only gets worse. It Just seems that the United States is giving a lot of more hand outs while its own citizens are suffering. When that happens, that is when its time to close the purse strings to take care of Americans with American tax dollars.Argumentative PaperThe United States has spent too much money on other countries financial disasters despite Americas own economic crisis. L. American foreign aid. A. Why foreign aid wa s implemented and how it was meant to be used. B. America and its status. C. Budget cuts. II. American foreign aid to Haiti. A. Waits reliance on financial aid. B. Statistical data on the amounts of aid Haiti has received. II. America and its debt. A. 1991 debt verses 2011 debt. B. The war on Iraq and its cost to national debt. C.American dollars into the Iraqi infrastructure. 1) Military and police force trained at the hands of American taxpayer dollars. (2) Facilities that have been built by Americans and gone to waste. (3) Global understanding of foreign aid. (4) Iraqs capabilities of taking care of their own financial aid. (5)Statistics in regards to dollars spent on what projects to Iraq become a better nation. IV. Americas public school system. A. Budget cuts to the educational budget. B. Classroom growth. C. Educational cut back programs. (1) City of Phoenix cut backs. 2) Educational Job market flooded with teachers and no positions available. 3) Interview with Kerry. Help V. Americans need to tighten the purse strings and take care of the issues at home. Too Much Foreign Aid in Americas Budget The act of charity is something that most people are raised on if a person has been blessed with wealth, it is always good to help those less fortunate. However, there comes a time when too much is too much. The United States, among other countries, developed the practice of foreign aid after World War II.It was designed to help those countries in desperate need of temporary help when they could not manage on their own. Foreign aid is something that has been in effect over the last few decades and some say has been used to excess and argue the point that if our own country is in debt and suffering, how can there be so much money spent on foreign aid. Others say that we are prosperous and should help those that need it no matter what. Whichever side of the argument is brought up, there are certain facts that do not change.The United States has spent too much money taking care of other countries financial disasters despite the trouble within its own borders. The United States of America has long been considered one of the most remediable countries in the world leading the pack of economic growth, democracy, innovation and financial dominance. However, lately it seems that the United States is in as much financial strain as the other countries it helps regularly. Americans are experiencing the pinch of billions in budget cuts on education programs, eliminating teaching positions and higher taxes to fund a war with Iraq.Even through all of these financial hardships, the United States still manages to give billions of dollars in financial aid despite the economic crisis of their own. A country that receives a large portion of American foreign aid is Haiti. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world and is one of the countries that recently, receives the most financial aid world wide. In mid-January of this year, Haiti experienced a devas tating earthquake that destroyed most of the county. Hundreds of thousands of people were left without homes, clean drinking water or electricity, with debris and rubble making it unsafe territory.Bret Stephens, a Journalist for the DOD Jones & Company, uncovered news from the World Bank and exactly how much additional aid was going to be allotted to Haiti for relief efforts. Stephens article states The World Banknow about to throw another $100 million on Haition what it achieved in the country between 1986 and 2002 The outcome of World Bank assistance programs is rated unsatisfactory (if not highly so), the institutional development impact, negligible, and the sustainability of the few benefits that have accrued, unlikely.Stephens goes on to quote that the Bank noted, Haiti has dysfunctional budgetary, financial or procurement systems, making financial and aid management impossible. The Bank makes the claim that the Haitian government does not take ownership and initiative for form ulating and implementing assistance programs. A breakdown of foreign aid by country, provided by Guardian, a United Kingdom based awareness blob, shows a grand total of 3. 5 billion dollars already donated and another 1. 1 billion dollars pledged to help with this disaster (Guardian).America, leading as the highest donor, among other countries such as United Kingdom, Japan and Canada. Many countries making absolutely no contribution whatsoever during this time. Americans are going broke and continue to keep giving. In fact, the United States has only been debt free for two years, 1834 and 1835, according to Marie Clammiest. Clammiest states in another article that, The federal governments $14 trillion debt as an emergency that demands big cuts in domestic programs The majority of this debt is said to have come from the war in Iraq, heavily financed by borrowing from China to fund the war. Lira Logan reported, The problem for America is that its greatness has always been rooted in i ts economic dominance and that debt has forced the U. S. To keep borrowing from foreign countries. According to statistical ATA provided by the Bureau of the Public Debt , in 1991, the national debt for the United States was under $3 Trillion, even though a large amount, it was still within the realm of being paid off.However now in 2011, the debt recently went over the $14 trillion mark, a number that is in no way obtainable (Madame). Logan also quoted Aaron David Miller of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, saying, Can the worlds greatest power remain the worlds greatest power and also be the worlds greatest borrower? I dont think so. Over the past four years fighting the war n Iraq, the United States has spent $500 billion dollars on Just the war alone (Skeletal).In addition to the funding of occupying this country, the United States has spent over $50 billion in reconstruction costs, that unfortunately, most say will be wasted dollars due to Iraqs incompeten ce and capabilities to utilize the reconstructions. As a country, the United States has invested hundreds of billions of dollars on equipment, buildings, infrastructure, electricity and water facilities in third world countries. In an article recently published by USA Today written by Matt Kelley, mints out that, The United States has spent $44. Billion in taxpayer funds on rebuilding Iraq, about half of it to train, equip and support Iraqs military and police forces. Kelley also quotes Rusty Barber, the head of the Iraq program United States Institute of Peace, There has been some significant progress, but theres a long way to go before Iraq can really be a stable, secure country thats able to provide for its peoples basic needs. Iraq is a country that has undergone massive abuse over the past 10 plus years, with no end in sight, and has been rebuilt about ten times over.The amount of money that America has spent in rebuilding Iraq, by all means a country that has minimal interes t in being rebuilt, is atrocious. American tax payer dollars are being spent to fund many projects in Iraq, such as schools, hospitals and prisons, instead of spending those same dollars on the same problems at home. According to Timothy Williams, many of these facilities have remained empty after completion because there were not enough Iraqis trained to operate them. Williams goes on to state that 4 million maternity hospital built by the Americans is open, but the staff members cannot operate much of its equipment.. Sinai Hospital in Baghdad, which had been the American militarys largest medical center in the country, has been closed because the Health Ministry lacks the staff and equipment to reopen it, though the American military said it left $7. 9 million in equipment behind He also states that there was a $165 million childrens hospital that was delayed by more than four years and $115 million over budget (Williams). When a country is in desperate need of help, it is up to others to step up and give aid.When that aid is given, it is under the understanding that the money is going to e used to go towards the rebuild of the crisis. However, what happens when the country receiving large portions of aid do not need that aid? For example, according to James Gland and Campbell Robertsons article in August of 2008, by the end of 2009, the Iraqi government ended up with a surplus of almost $80 million dollars. The article stated that, The United States has spent $23. 2 billion in the critical areas of security, oil, electricity and water since the 2003 invasion, but from 2005 through April of 2008, Iraq has spend Just $3. Billion on similar services. Another report room the Government Accountability Office estimates Iraqi oil revenue from 2005 through the end of this year 2008 will amount to at least $156 billion dollars. So what this is stating is that the Iraqi government is not only holding their oil money in a United States bank collecting somewhere in the range of $400,000 in interest, but for some reason they are collecting foreign aid when they are capable of funding and fixing their own problems.Carl Levin, a chairman of the Senate Armed Services was quoted saying, The Iraqi government now has tens of billions of dollars at its espousal to fund large-scale reconstruction projects. It is inexcusable for U. S. Taxpayers to continue to foot the bill for projects the Iraqis are fully capable of funding themselves We should not be paying for Iraqi projects, while Iraqi oil revenues continue to pile up in the bank. Very well said and a statement many American citizens support full hardheartedly.However, we are still sending foreign aid to Iraq, building Iraqi schools, hospitals, prisons, and fortifying their countrys security but it does not look like the money is going to stop going into Iraq. If the United States spends 165 million dollars on one hospital, one can only imagine the cost of rebuilding schools during war time as we ll as imagine how many of those schools were destroyed intentionally and unintentionally during or after their construction because of said war. Americas public school system drastically needs help and no one is coming up with any solutions but budget cuts.The American public school system is already the victim of systematic budget cuts are now getting ready for another huge blow to their financial status one some say that is going to cripple our youths outlooks on a better education. Education Weekly reported that the spending bill that President Barack Obama signed into law March 2 severed current fiscal-year funding for several literacy programs at the Education Department as a part of a government- wide reduction of $4 billion (Rose). For an example, Arizona has taken hard drastic cuts recently.Classroom sizes have grown from 24 children per teacher to roughly 30 plus children per classroom. After school and during school education enhancement studies to help children who fall below the average or have special learning needs eave all but been eliminated. In previous years, children who may not have passed a subject were allowed the opportunity to attend intercession, a program during the school breaks where they attend class for a few hours a day over a two week time frame intended to get them back on track.Unfortunately, as of the 2009-2010 school year, Circle Cross Ranch, a local elementary in San Tan Valley Arizona, now requires parents pay $25 per class session if a child fails at any point in time the classes are mandatory. In Phoenix, they are experiencing even more of an unnecessary set back. The city as had a drastic decline in their hiring for the 2010-2011 school year. Roughly 7,400 public-school teaching positions have been eliminated across the state because of budget cuts proposed by the Legislature, according to Arizona Educators Association spokesman John Heartfelt (Quinn).With the amount of children that are still enrolling and moving into the Phoenix area, this only bodes ill for the amount of attention each child will receive. Education is important to the growth of any society and if that keeps getting hit time and time again with no solutions on how to fix that budget crisis, things will only get worse. The amount of educational Jobs are decreasing but the amount of applicants only increase. The educational Job market is being flooded with teachers that have experienced the layoffs and cut backs, while schools hiring, go for the more seasoned experienced teachers.Internships have been eliminated across the board for new teachers because the Jobs Just are not readily available eliminating many of the opportunities for young teachers. Kerry, a 4th grade teacher for xx Elementary in xx, has felt the pinch of educational budget cuts along with thousands of other teachers. XX teaches a very owe-income community with children that speak more Spanish than English and she struggles some days to provide the best education al experience she can. The school just cant afford what we need and its sad.I have children that come to school almost every day hungry because they dont have proper meals at home. They come to school with no supplies because their parents cant afford them. As a teacher, how can I sit by and watch my students go with out the fundamental things that they need to get an education? XX stated that she spends over $500 every year on school supplies that she does not get reimbursed for, l have to do it. If I dont, no one will and these children dont deserve to suffer because of our budget cuts.How can they learn if they have no paper to write on or a pencil to write with? When asked about the financial crisis the schools are experiencing, she replied, Its sad and disturbing at the same time. How can I teach properly without the books and tools required to teach? I know this sounds selfish, but doesnt they saying go, you need to help yourself before you can help others? If we Americans k eep giving everything away, theres not going to be anything left for us to help ourselves. We could have so much more for our own kids Americas future are its children, those children are not educated properly, whos fault is that going to be? No matter whos fault it is, the problem needs to be corrected sooner rather than later. The United States has received a hazardous blows over the past few years with several crippling hurricanes, oil spills and a continued economic and financial crisis. The United States is falling further and further into debt with the war in Iraq and an economic crisis that has America considered rich nations among one of the poorest (Belittler).If the United States cut back some of the foreign aid given to the same countries regularly, then those countries receiving the public assistance will have no choice but to learn how to support themselves. By continuing to give aid and support them without teaching them how to figure out how to do it for themselves, t he problem only gets worse. It Just seems that the United States is giving a lot of more hand outs while its own citizens are suffering. When that happens, that is when its time to close the purse strings to take care of Americans with American tax dollars.