Lesson Plan Topics for any Content Area, Grades 7-12

While every school may have  different requirements for the writing of lesson plans or how often they are to be submitted, there are common enough topics that can be organized on a template or guide for teachers for any content area. A template such as this could be used in conjunction with the explanation  How to Write Lesson Plans. Regardless of the form used, teachers should be sure to keep these two most important questions in mind as they craft a lesson plan: What do I want my students to know? (objective)How will I know students learned from this lesson? (assessment) The topics covered here in bold are those  topics usually required in lesson plan regardless of subject area. Class: the name of the  class or classes for which this lesson is intended.    Duration: Teachers should note the approximate time that this lesson will take to complete. There should be an explanation if this lesson will be extended over the course  of several days. Materials Required: Teachers should list any handouts and technology equipment that is required. Use of a template like this may be helpful in planning to reserve any media equipment in advance that might be needed for the lesson. An alternative non-digital plan may be needed. Some schools may require a copy of handouts or worksheets to be attached the lesson plan template. Key Vocabulary: Teachers should develop a list of any new and unique terms that students need to understand for this lesson.   The title of Lesson/Description:  One sentence is usually enough, but a well- crafted title on a lesson plan can explain a lesson well enough so that even a brief description is unnecessary.   Objectives: The first of a the lessons two most important topics is the lessons objective: What is the reason or purpose for this lesson? What will  students know or be able to do at the conclusion of this lesson(s)? These questions drive a  lessons objective(s). Some schools focus on a teacher writing and placing the objective in view so that the students also understand what the purpose of the lesson will be. The objective(s) of a lesson defines the expectations for learning, and they give a hint on how that learning will be assessed. Standards: Here teachers should list any state and/or national standards that the lesson addresses. Some school districts require teachers to prioritize the standards. In other words, placing a focus on those standards which are directly addressed in the lesson as opposed to those standards which are supported by the lesson.   EL Modifications/Strategies: Here a teacher  may list any EL (English learners) or other student modifications as required. These modifications can be designed as specific to needs of students in a class. Because many of the strategies used with EL students or other special needs students are strategies that are good for all students, this may be a place to list all instructional strategies used to improve  student understanding for all learners (Tier 1 instruction). For example, there may be a presentation of new material in  multiple formats (visual, audio, physical)   or there may be multiple opportunities for increased student interaction through turn and talks or think, pair, shares. Lesson Introduction/Opening set: This portion of the lesson should give a rationale how this introduction will help  students make connections with the rest of the lesson or unit that is being taught. An opening set should not be busy work, but rather be a planned activity that sets the tone for the lesson that follows. Step-by-Step Procedure: As the name implies, teachers should write down the steps in the sequence necessary to teach the lesson. This is a chance to think through each action necessary as a form of mental practice to better organize for the lesson. Teachers  should also note down any materials they will need for each step in order to be prepared.   Review/Possible Areas of Misconception:  Teachers can highlight terms and/or ideas they  anticipate may cause confusion, words they will want to revisit with the students at the end of the lesson.   Homework:  Note any homework that will be assigned  to students to go with the lesson. This is only one method to assess student learning which can unreliable as a measurement Assessment:  Despite being the lone of the last topics on this template,  this is the most important part of planning any  lesson.   In the past, informal homework was one measure; high stakes testing was another.   Authors and educators  Grant Wiggins and Jay McTigue   posed this  in their seminal work Backward Design:   What will we [teachers] accept as evidence of student understanding and proficiency? They encouraged teachers to begin designing a lesson by starting at the end. Every lesson should include a means to answer the question How will I know students understand what was taught in a lesson? What will my students be able to do?   In order to determine the answer to these questions, it is important to plan in detail how you plan to measure or evaluate student learning both formally and informally.   For example, will the evidence of understanding be an informal exit slip with student short responses to a question or prompt at the end of a lesson? Researchers (Fisher Frey, 2004) suggested that exit slips can be generated for different purposes using differently worded prompts: Use an exit slip  with a prompt that records what was learned (Ex. Write one thing you learned today);Use an  exit slip  with a prompt  that allows for future learning (Ex. Write one question you have about todays lesson);Use an  exit slip  with a prompt  that helps to rate any the instructional strategies used strategies (EX: Was small group work helpful for  this lesson?) Similarly, teachers may choose to use a response poll or vote. A quick quiz may also provide important feedback. The traditional review of homework can also provide needed information to inform instruction.   Unfortunately, too many secondary teachers do not use assessment or evaluation on a lesson plan to its best use. They may rely on more formal methods of assessing student understanding, such as a test or paper. These methods may come too late in providing the immediate feedback to improve daily instruction. However, because  assessing student learning may happen at a later time, such as an end-of-the-unit exam, a lesson plan may provide a teacher the opportunity to create assessment questions for use later. Teachers can test a question in order to see how well students may do answering that question at a later date. This will ensure that you have covered all required material and given your students the best chance at success. Reflection/Evaluation: This is where a teacher may record the success of a lesson or make notes for future use.  If this is a lesson that will be given repeatedly during the day, reflection may be an area where a teacher may explain or note any adaptations on a lesson that has been given several times over the course of a day. What strategies were more successful than other? What  plans may be needed to adapt the lesson? This is the topic in a template where teachers could record any recommended changes in time, in materials, or in the methods used to assess student understanding. Recording this information can also be used as part of a schools evaluation process that asks teachers to be reflective in their practice.

Smoking and Lung Cancer Essay - 1448 Words

Smoking and Lung Cancer Lung Cancer accounts for fifteen percent of all cancer cases, and an estimated 170,000 people in the United States get lung cancer a year. (5)About 155,000 of those people die from the cancer. Recently, the rate of women affected by lung cancer has increased, while the rate of men affected has decreased. However, lung cancer is the leading cancer that kills both women and men. (1) So, what is lung cancer? Lung cancer is the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the lung. (5) There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell and small- cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (or NSCLC) is more common than small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and occurs in about 80% of all lung cancer cases. (3)†¦show more content†¦(5) SCLC, also known as oat cell carcinoma, has no divisions. It starts in the large breathing tubes, and grows fairly rapidly. This type of lung cancer is usually very large by the time it is diagnosed. (5) There are also different stages of lung cancer. For NSCLC, there are four main stages. Stage I A/B is when the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes that are associated with the lung. (2) Stage II A/B is when the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes in the tracheal area, including the chest wall and the diaphragm. Stage III A is when the tumor has spread to lymph nodes on the opposite lung or on the neck. Finally, Stage IV, the most severe stage, is when the tumor has spread beyond the chest. (2) On the other hand, SCLC only has two stages of cancer growth. Limited is when the tumor is only found in one lung and the nearby lymph nodes. Extensive is when the tumor has spread beyond the lung into other organs. The treatments for lung cancer depend on the type, location, and size of the cancer. (3) One option is to remove the tumor through surgery; however, it depends on the location of the tumor. A surgeon can perform a resection, which is a removal of part of the lung. The removal of the entire lobe of the lung is called a lobectomy. (3) In addition, there is a surgery called a pneumonectomy, which removes the entire lung. Each kind of surgery is performed according to how advanced the cancer is and how much of the lungShow MoreRelatedEssay Smoking and Lung Cancer1540 Words   |  7 Pagesone want?† Unfortunately, Oscar Wilde had no idea that smoking caused lung cancer. Lung cancer is one of the most preventable diseases that exist, yet people continue to voluntarily put themselves at risk, and it still has tragic effects on the person and their family even though there are ways to treat it. The disease itself is categorized into two types, but both are eventually fatal. The cance r has several causes, but is mainly due to smoking. It has many numerous effects, both physical and emotionalRead MoreDoes Smoking Cause Lung Cancer? 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Out of the 158 ,683 people that died from lung cancer in 2007, 135,000Read MoreCancer : A Disease That Caused By Uncontrolled Division Of Abnormal Cells Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pages Lung Cancer Melissa Flores St. Pius X St. Matthias Academy General Biology, Period 4 Ms. Washington  Cancer General Information Cancer is a disease that is caused by uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in the part of our human bodies (American Heart Society [AHS], 2015). There are more than 100 diseases that have to do with cancer. In the world today, hundreds of people are diagnosed with cancer . Cancers that are untreated can cause serious illnesses and deaths. 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Lung cancer affects old people and always they diagnosed in the last five years of their life. Around 80% of people who live with lung cancer their ages more than 60 years (USNIH, 2011). In KentuckyRead MoreEssay about Lung Cancer1455 Words   |  6 PagesCancer of the lung was nearly nonexistent in the early 1900’s. By the middle of the 20th century an epidemic became apparent throughout the United States and the rest of the world. It is primarily correlated with the widespread abundance of cigarette smoking in the world. The tobacco industry has multiplied its production immediately prior to World War I. There was a typical 20 to 30 year lagging period between the initiation of cigarette smoking and the actual tumor formation in the lungs. Lung

Business Analysis free essay sample

When he outgrew his ability to call on his customers individually, he inverted to a sort of makeshift mail order operation, hiring the local milk van to make his deliveries. Kea are rooted in a traditionally poor region in south of Sweden. And after 60 years development, growing up in 20th century Sweden has shaped both their products and their values. Their website side KEA is a value-driven company, they promise to deliver well designed, functional and sustainable products at the lowest possible price. I would list the brief history of KEA below in figure 1. Figure 1 Source: http://www. Google. Co. UK/search? Hal=GHz The graph 2 listed below is the structure of KEA. Figure 2 Source: www. Kea-group. Kea. Com. 1. 3 Structure of the essay After the introduction I would write strategic position of KEA and it include environment, capabilities and expectations and purposes. Furthermore I would like to use some models to explain this part such as SOOT, Value Chain and so on. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the next part I will write strategic choices and it includes three parts. Firstly, I would evaluate and describe the business level strategies. Secondly, I would evaluate and describe corporate level strategies. Finally, I will evaluate the suitability of the strategic choice. In the fourth part, there would be a future development of KEA. The cast part is a conclusion. 2. The strategic position of KEA 2. 1 Macro-Environment of KEA In this globalizes market, changing is a forever theme. As Henry Midwinter (1994) argues that environmental change is faster than you could see. The pace of technological change and the speed of global communications mean more and faster change than ever before. I would like to use PEST framework to illustrate the macro- environment of KEA. PEST analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. In case of KEA, I would choose China to conduct the PEST analysis. Because China is a new emerging market and has the significant strategic meaning to the future development of KEA, I set China as the target to do the PEST analysis. Political 1 . The Chinese government was trying to attract foreign direct investment and encourage foreign companies to open their factories in China. 2. The opening police meaner government support the foreign companys development. 3. There are a lot of special economic development zones in many provinces of China. 4. Government stability is really good and there are some taxation police to the foreign impasses. Economic 1 . The high speed development of the Chinese economy, the GAP of China usually kept above 10% growth annually, even during the financial crisis GAP could also keep above 8% growth annually. 2. 1. 3 billion Population mean huge market demand. 3. With the increase of individual income, Chinese citizens would like to pursue higher quality life. . The inflation of China was kept at an acceptable level. Social 1. The quality of the product is increasingly important in customers mind. 2. Chinese population demographics: more and more people moving their home from country to big cities. 3. Lifestyle change: high speed life style makes that people do the customers shopping preference. 4. The income of Chinese labor is relat ively low so Labor cost is lower than European countries. Technology 1 . In the furniture industry consciousness of innovation in the Chinese furniture industry is not enough. 2. The government encourages innovations; new materials and new technology were encouraged to use in many industries. 3. Government and industry focus on technological effort is not enough. Porters five forces analysis is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development formed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. It suggested that there are five basic competitive forces exist in an industry. They are the competition between current competitors; the threats from potential entrants; the threats of substitutes; the bargaining power of suppliers and the bargaining power of buyers. The below analysis is based on Chinese market. Rivalry among existing firms 1 . The Chinese furniture industry is no longer small any more. There are some strong competitors in this market. Such as BQ. 2. Most of the competitors in the Chinese market are small and middle scale companies. 3. Increasingly international furniture companies entry Chinese market through a corporation with Chinese local company Bargaining power of the suppliers 1 . Suppliers are not very centralized in the market, so it is a good condition for KEA to reduce the bargaining power of suppliers. . There is no significant differentiation between suppliers, so the bargaining power of suppliers should not be very strong. 3. The switch cost is not very high. 4. KEA has 11 stores in China and its source 21% from China. So the bargain power is stronger than suppliers, because of its huge scale. 5. The buying volume f KEA is huge, because of the standardized procurement. Bargaining power of the buyers 1. The switch c ost is low, because off lot of brands in domestic of China. 2. The customers can access a large amount of information. With the popularity of computer and network, customers could search any information by clicking. In addition, there are many websites and provide comparisons and ratings of each product. Such power makes the competition in this industry more intense. Threats from potential entrants 1 . High capital requirement: it is easy to organize a small furniture company but if he company wants to compete with KEA, it should have enough capital for business. 2. KEA has economies of scale advantage Threat of substitution 1 . The main substitute is Individuality home furnishing service. However its market share is relatively low and the price is too high. 2. Generally, the threat from substitute is not strong. 2. 3 Strategic capabilities of KEA Strategic capability can be defined as the adequacy and suitability of the resources 2005). Strategic capability is mainly composed of resources and competences. Threshold resources and competencies are the most essential requirement for a equines to operate in the market. Once the firms satisfy these requirements, they would seek their own unique resources and competence to form competitive advantage. I believe value chain is really suitable to describe the strategic capabilities of KEA. The value chain describes the activities in and around an organization which together create a product or service. The value chain is a concept from business management that was first described and popularized by Michael Porter in 1985. It includes primary activities and support activities. The primary activities are directly concerned with the creation or delivery of a product or service. And support activities help to improve the effectiveness or efficiency of primary activities. Primary activities Inbound logistic 1. Designing furniture for flat packs 2. Buying the same kind of raw material from signal one supplier, it could make sure the quality and get the lowest price. 3. According to the design of the product, purchasing the raw materials. 4. Purchasing the materials in same standard. It is easy for inventory management and reduces the cost. Operation 1. A use KIT inventory method to manage the inventory 2. Collaborate with the supplier to make sure the continuity of operation. . Encourage manufacturing companies update their facilities 4. No wastage police protects the environment and they try to recycle waste. Outbound logistic 1 . Customers have to deliver their goods by themselves. 2. Customers have to put all parts of their goods together by themselves. 3. KEA uses flat packs to reduce the deliver cost. 4. Distribution centers were located in most reasonable places. 5. Flexibility of transportation, such as some distributions were outsourced to thir d parties Marketing and sale 1. KEA sells furniture on a larger scale using a catalogue in 1951 . The cost of this activity is huge but the effectiveness is also obvious. . The concept of We do something, you have to do some and KEA to save you some is the marketing strategy of KEA Service 1. Clear instruction in each store 2. Pencil, rule and paper are provided when customers arriving 3. In China, customers like the company deliver furniture to their home, so KEA add the delivery service but in low service price. 4. Customers could eat delicious food in the KEA restaurant near the store. Support activities Procurement 1 . Purchasing goods from suppliers all over the world and choose the lowest price with better quality 2. Firstly, make sure the price off product and then choose the suppliers. Technology 1 . New technology could help KEA use KIT and supplies could know the information about inventory and forecasting data. 2. KEA designs the products by themselves and the patents belong to KEA. 3. Innovations of design could reduce the cost , such as 10 expending screws should be used to produce a table, after the innovation, just expending screws needed. Human resource management 1 . KEA listed 20 in the competition of the worlds most attractive employers 2011. 2. KEA provides opportunities for employees and some co-workers could gain invaluable knowledge from working aboard. 3. 131000 employees from 48 different countries and KEA believe this is their most valuable assets. Firm infrastructure 1. Excellent management information system such as MOM and ASTOR 2. In accounting aspect, they get rid of fixed budget and make the budget according to the target profit. Johnson, Schools and Whetting (1998) pointed that value chain model could help with understanding the opportunities for vertical integration or outsourcing. P. Timers (2000) said the various activities could examine in terms of the cost and value of activities of a company. From the above analysis of the value chain we could easily find that no matter primary activities or support activities they are closely concerned with the reducing cost. 2. 3 Purposes and Expectations of KEA 2. 3. 1 Stakeholder Mapping J. Bryon (2002) said that stakeholder mapping identifies stakeholder expectations and power and helps in understanding political priorities. It underlines two issues: how interested each stakeholder group is to impress its expectations on the organization and choice of specific strategies. And whether stakeholders have the power to do so. The stakeholder mapping of KEA would be listed in figure 3. Figure: 3 In the short term, if a company sets the target as maximize the profit, it will be acceptable and the company can survive. However, in the long term, if the company still Just pay all its attention on the profit, it could not develop very well. After over 60 years development, we could tell that KEA did really well in business ethics and corporate social responsibility. W. Frederick, J. Post and K. Davis defines corporate social responsibility is concerned with the ways in which an organization exceeds the minimum obligations to stakeholders specified through regulation and corporate provenance. Steve Howard, Chief Sustainability Officer for KEA Group said their goal is to get 100% of our energy from renewable sources. It is an ambitious goal but we are making good progress. 51% of our energy use in 2011 was supplied through 2015. In the material aspect, KEA work with WFM and the Forestry Stewardship Council (FCC) to ensure Our wood comes from responsibly managed forests. In the products aspect, KEA wants to realism sustainability. For example, it continuously improves the price invest in next-generation, energy-efficient technologies like LED light bulbs and induction cookers. . The strategic choice of KEA The mission and vision of a company usually indicate the direction of a companys strategy. The annual report of KEA (2011) writes that Our vision is a better everyday life for the many people. What does this mean? It meaner thinking about home furnishing beyond form and visual appeal and designing products in a way that really does solve some of lifes daily challenges. It meaner reaching out to as many people as possible and helping them achieve their dream home at the lowest possible cost. Just look at our business idea: To offer a wide range of well designed, national home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them. 3. 1 Corporate level strategy 3. 1. 1 KEA overseas expansion of strategy Business organizations may expand from their home countries to foreign countries by setting up replicas their value chains in those foreign countries. Well-known examples of such organizations are those that expand internationally by replicating a format aimed mainly at distribution, such as McDonalds, The Body Shop, Struck and KEA. KEA builds global sourcing through foreign direct investment and Joint ventures. KEA had 1026 home furnishing suppliers in 53 countries. Since 1963 the first KEA store outside Sweden opens in Oslo Norway. From the below figure 4 we could know the process of KEA overseas expansion. Figure: 4 Source: www. Kea-group. Kea. Com. J. W. Such as Edgewood first KEA restaurant opens in the KEA store in „Elmhurst, Sweden in 1960. And KEA food service turnover was 1. 2 billion in 2011. (KEA welcome inside, 2011) KEA also uses unrelated diversification in the past. Unrelated diversification is the development of products or service beyond the current capacities or value network. In 2001, it opens a train service company to distribute its own products in European countries. However, the performance of this train service company was not very optimistic. Therefore, KEA announced to cease the operation of train service in 2004. Obviously, it was an unsuccessful trial during this KEA history of diversification. 3. 2 Business level strategy Business level strategy is defined as an integrated and coordinated set of commitments and actions the firm uses to gain a competitive advantage by exploiting core competencies in specific product markets (Michael A. Hit at all. 2009). The strategy clock is based on competitive advantage, Porter pioneered thinking in this field when he proposed that there were three different generic strategies by which an organization could achieve competitive advantage. They were cost leadership, differentiation and market focus. All of them could be included in the strategy clock model. Therefore, I would like to use this model to explain the business strategy of KEA. 3. 2. 1 Differentiation strategy of KEA * Product differentiation In the past, every several years there would be some new and innovative product which was designed by KEA, Such as, The MET bookcase which is a contemporary classic and will see numerous imitations over the years. SOAP chair, designed by Ole Greer ¶v-Knudsen and Torrent Lind, is wonderfully simple, even if it raises a few eyebrows. SOAP is developed by a supplier that usually makes plastic buckets and bowls, creating a chair in which form and function are not compromised by an unorthodox solution. In recent years, KEA introduce a new concept that is taking account of peoples daily lives special meaning, and strive to use an artistic taste of runtime, for the customer to create a comfortable, warm atmosphere, therefore, distinguish themselves from other companies. Service differentiation First, KEA takes into account of fun in shopping, KEA uses self-service shopping model with very clear and detailed instruction to guide the customers. What is more, parents could leave their children in the childrens playing area in the store. Secondly, KEA serves the delicious low cost food in their stores. * Environment protection aspect In recent years people are increasingly concerned about the environme ntal protection, not only some non-government organizations, but some ordinary customers are taking the aspect into consideration when they are purchasing the furniture. KEA realized this issue very early. For example, Candace Lombardi reported that Furniture retail giant plans to generate enough electricity from the wind farm to power the equivalent of 17 KEA stores in Sweden. And they revealed in the annual report said they work hard to find sustainable solutions, alternative raw materials, creating more with less. 3. 2. 2 Low cost strategy of KEA price than competitors whilst trying to maintain similar perceived product or service benefit to those offered by competitors. * Pricing strategy In order to achieve a really low price, before the design and production process, the material and service of product have to be fully considered. The production process should be in the target cost as much as possible to ensure the quality and performance. * Streamline manufacturing In the production workflow, KEA low cost strategy must have three parts. Firstly, they would find the lowest price raw materials. KEA keeps searching new materials and new technology to reduce the production cost within the required quality. It not only uses timber by some plastic and some newly man-made materials. Second, choose he production layout, production usually located in low cost area, such as China. In addition, KEA adapt the designing furniture for flat packs and self-assembly, which reduces the storing and transportation cost. * Standardization KEA sells the same product in the global market, which meaner they achieve standardization in their different stores in different countries. There is a lot benefit. Firstly, they could purchase the same raw materials from the same supplier, which meaner they have the economics of scale and bigger bargaining power of the suppliers. Secondly, the allocation and transportation of products would be more legible. It could solve the problem of overstock and under stock. Thirdly, the production uses the same process, therefore, it is easy for training. * Cooperation with suppliers Cooperation enables a company to take an advantage of other business advantages and benefits of economies of scale. This can bring high efficiency of the enterprises production capacity, on the other hand to promote the implantation of cost leadership strategy. As the KEA annual report (2011) written KEA has 1026 home furnishing suppliers in 53 countries. In addition most of them are long term relationship. KEA encourages competitions between suppliers, and measure the low price vendor to make sure their required quality. Though this model, KEA not only integrate their logistics system, while low cost strategy for in-depth integration into business operations into every process, to achieve the target cost. 3. 2. 3 Strategy clock From the above analysis we could tell that KEA is using the hybrid strategy. A hybrid strategy seeks simultaneously to achieve differentiation and a price lower than that of competitors. D, Miller (1992) pointed that the success of the strategy depends on he ability to deliver enhanced benefits to customers together with low prices whilst achieving sufficient margins for reinvestment to maintain and develop the bases of differentiation. The figure 4 shows the position of KEA. Figure 4 3. 3 Evaluation of suitability Johnson, Schools and Whetting (1998) defined suitability as it concerned with whether a strategy address the circumstances in which an organization is operating- the strategic position. Suitability criteria concerns with whether a strategy addresses the key issues or problems relating to the strategic position of the organization. (Zimmermann, 2010) Suitability required the strategic fit with the environment of the enterprise. I will list the key issues in the macro-environment macro-environment * Supportive police from government * Quickly economic growth * Huge market demand in target market * Technology support is not enough Key issues in operational e nvironment * Rivalry among existing firms in increasing in Chinese market. The bargaining power of the suppliers is relatively lower. * The bargaining power of the buyers is higher because of the information age. * Threats from potential entrants are not ere high, because of the enter barriers. * Threat of substitution is very low. Key issues in strategic capabilities * Inbound logistic: Huge amount of standardized products from same suppliers with the flat pack assembly. Operation: High efficiency operation during the process and lower inventory * Outbound logistic: Efficiency and flexibility of transportation * Marketing and sale: Successful furniture furniture catalogue since 1951 * Service: Customer self service with clear instructions * Procurement: choose lowest price with best quality in worldwide * Technology: new technology to educe costs * Human resource management: view employees as their most valuable assets. From the macro-environment analysis we know that Chinese marke t is really attractive to KEA. Therefore, Kikes international strategy is quite suitable from the aspect. However, KEA should take some difficulties into consideration, because the cultures difference. From the operation environment analysis we know that KEA takes a strong position among the related parties. This is a big advantage of its diversification strategy and it will provide strong support to the diversifies process of KEA. From the strategic capability analysis we find that KEA has the high efficiency and low cost operation in the whole value chain and the supportive give strong support in innovation, which is quite suitable with the business level strategy-reduce cost and differentiation. . Future development and challenges In this fast changing environment, KEA is facing increased challenges than ever. There is only one way in front of KEA that is being better than the competitors. Just as Kikes new chief executive Mikhail Johnson (2009) said: we know that many of our customers have less money to spend and our low-price concept is therefore more elevate than ever. 4. 1 Changin g of corporate level strategy Generally, the history of KEA is the history of expansion. It is easy to summaries that from 1943 to 1963 KEA Just operate their business in Sweden. And from 1963 to 1973 KEA bring the business to other countries in northern Europe. Then from 1973 to 1985 KEA open its stores all over the Europe and Australia. In 1985 it arrives North American. In 1998 and 2000 KEA arrive China and Russia that are new emerging markets and developing countries. From the above description we could find overseas expansion is still the corporate strategy of KEA. Furthermore, the new emerging market will be the profit growth of KEA in the near future. However, there are a lot of uncertainties in these new emerging markets, because they are still in the high speed developing process, which meaner the challenge and opportunities diversification of KEA did very well, however the unrelated diversification did not very successful in history, such as in 2001 The KEA Group trials running its own rail operations through KEA Rail ABA. The train runs five round trips a week between „Elmhurst, in Sweden, and Disturb, in Germany. In 2004 the operation was not successful rail operations are taken over by an external company. Therefore, the related diversification is more suitable for the future development of KEA. 4. 2 Changing of business level strategy After the analysis of KEA, I would like to divide the changing of business level strategy into three stages. The first stage is the beginning part, in this part KEA only pay their attention on the reducing cost. Second stage is innovation. At this time, KEA did not only care about the cost, but the innovation of the product and tries to be differentiated with their competitors. Some classical products were produced at his time, such as Marina Grabbings designs the MET bookcase, SOAP chair raises eyebrows and BILLY bookcase. In the third stage of KEA, it begins to realism the importance of environment protection and corporate social responsibility. For example, in 1990 The KEA Group develops an environmental policy to ensure that the company and its co-workers take environmental responsibility for all activities conducted within its business. In 2000, The KEA Group, in co-operation with EUNICE, initiates a broad community programmer in northern India to address the root causes of child labor. In 2002, the global conservation organization WFM and the KEA Group Join forces to promote responsible forestry in priority regions around the world. From the above analysis we could know KEA should not only itself as a furniture production and selling company. It is also selling a way of living and way of quality living style. KEA had better do more charity work and donation in developing and underdeveloped countries, because these countries will be their development direction in the long term. . Conclusion Finally, I want to quote the words from the Former KEA CEO Enders Dahlia, he said the biggest threat to KEA is KEA it. I mean, were still in the first generation of owners, and we havent seen the transformation of the next generation yet. And what the effects of that will be, in terms of dilution or not, are the vision and values, and how that makes the company tick is, I think, at least a potential Im not saying it will be, but it is a potential problem. It happens in many companies. With over 60 years development, it is obviously that KEA did best in the furniture industry in the worldwide. I believe the successes come from three aspects. The first key point is the product. Although the products may not be the best quality and the best design, the customers could be inspired by the products and the products could combine with your living environment harmoniously. In addition, the price is really attractive to the customers. The second key point is the suitable strategy. There is no best strategy in this changing world, but there is the most suitable strategy for individual companies. The success of KEA could be attributing to the suitability of strategy. KEA uses a hybrid strategy which is combining the low cost with differentiation harmoniously. The third key point is Kikes organizational culture.

Moment In Life Essays - Testament Of Pope John Paul II,

Moment In Life annon I was born on 6 September 1980 in Bangkok, Thailand. The first two people that can describe me the best are my father and my mother. They told me that the first time they saw me they had the happiest time in their lives because I am the first son of them. They said that I was a curious and mischievous boy. When I was six years old, I entered Chulalongkorn University Demonstration school. In this school I was taught to be polite, responsible and loved in learning. I have made many friends in this school and I have had many experiences in this school, too. I was in a student council where I learnt how to work in a group in a democratic way. I was in a volleyball team. I got the certificate of merit from this school from 1992 to 1996. When I was in grade 11, I decided to go to study aboard because I think that now we live in a globalization and we all need to know other people in other countries in different culture so that we can help one another in the future. My mother and my father agree with me so they asked my aunt that which school in the United States is appropriate for me. My aunt told me that Cranbrook school is a good school in Michigan then I applied for Cranbrook. When I was accepted I am so glad because I can be near and take care of my sister who is now studying civil engineering in the University of Michigan attaining her Ph.D. Before I came here, I promise my mother and my father that I will never make them disappointed. Now I am in Cranbrook school, I have made many friends and I gained more experiences. I am the Residential Advisor of the dorm and also one of the leader in World Club. I am so happy to be here. In the future I want to be an engineer like my father and my sister so that I can help my father in his engineering company. I want to be a civil engineer because I like Calculus, Physic, Environmental Science, drawing and when I was young I always saw my father, working on his table, calculating his plan which was my first impression with engineering. Now it is time for me to go for a higher education. I choose to apply for University of Michigan because I think that it is the most appropriated school for me; I can take care of my sister and she can help teaching me when I do not understand something in the class. I know that U of M is a terrific school of engineering. My sister tells me that U of M is a wonderful school for her and she is so proud of being a student in U of M. Now it is time for me to get that pride and feel it in the same way as my sister does. If I compared myself now, I would be like a boat that is near the shore waiting for someone to pull me up. And I know for sure that one should be the University of Michigan. ______________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

Customer Service and Project Essay

Customer Service and Project Essay Customer Service and Project Essay Assignment 4 1) If I was an employee at Petrie electronics I would like to work on this project to be able to know what products are being sold as well as time frames of the sales. For example if I was a floor salesman and knew that TVs get purchased right after income tax time I am able to research all upcoming TV deals and know what to tell people when they ask about them. Also if a new system is being placed as an employee I’d like to test it and give my feedback on the system and become familiar with the system. It is also a nice gesture to be able to keep tabs on valuable customers so we can make relationships with them to be able to boost sales as well as my commission. 2) If I was part of the management department at Petrie electronics; I would have no issue with approving the project. Jim has given all the information that a scope statement requires, and I do have some suggestions though. A brief description of the problem we are having without the new loyalty system w ould be able to allow management a better understanding of why implementing the project is essential. Also the objectives states, â€Å"†¦ provide superior customer service by rewarding our most loyal customers† which is exactly what we want to do but I feel like we should try to make a connection with all of our customers and not just returning customers. Anyone that walks into Petrie electronics should feel like we want to help them with their needs and regardless of how long they have been shopping with us; they will get the best service and opportunities. 3) Some of the tangible cost pertaining to this project would be the cost of all the hardware that may be purchased to make the system, labor costs for the staff working on the project, training cost to implement the system correctly, and we also need to have some set of rewards set for people to want to join the program. The intangible costs for the project would be some loss of operation efficiency at the beginnin g of the project because, all the staff members must adapt to the new system and all new systems have their hiccups. This could also lead to employee moral going down if the system isn’t implemented well. Yet there are some intangible benefits to look forward to such as being able to compete with other companies that already have a loyalty program. We will also have more timely information on all of our customers to be able to track buying trends and necessity of products in our store. 4) A risk that may be associated with the product is if the system doesn’t work correctly such as customer points not allocating properly they customer will not enjoy they system if they have a hard time with it. This project has a high risk to it because we are trying to stay competitive with other companies as well as make our customers feel like an important part of our company. There will also be many resources used to finish the project and if the project is unsuccessful there is a lot of money wasted that could have been allocated somewhere else. As a team member I would be worried of running the risk of not making the deadline because, Jim is new to the company and I would be unsure of his abilities as a team manager. 5) When using the incremental commitment technique you reassess the project after every step of the SDLC. So while developing the BPP we can reassess the project and it would benefit us by making the new system better. If we stop to take a look at how the project is progressing we can make changes if need or if some new aspect or idea can be added to the project. 6) Economic feasibility analysis is used to aid management on deciding on which projects to go forward with. The economic feasibility of a project should be conducted right after the scope statement, so that the objectives or a vague plan is in place to be able to know how much benefits the project will be adding to the corporation. I think many of the economic feasibility factors are relevant; such as the

Use LinkedIn to network and find a job

Use LinkedIn to network and find a job Gone are the days of deciding that an online presence is â€Å"just not for you† when it comes to the job hunt. If you’re actively look for a job, it’s hard to be taken seriously if you don’t have a professional footprint- or if you have a weak one. You have to have a LinkedIn profile- it’s a no brainer at this point. Recruiters and hiring managers use the site to look for potential job candidates, and everyone in almost every industry uses it for networking. And while it’s bad form not to have  a LinkedIn account, it’s almost as bad to have a profile that says nothing about why you’re a rockstar.Here are a few tips for how to create a LinkedIn presence that shows you in your best light and attracts the right people.1. Customize your URL.Make your URL distinctive so people can more easily access your profile. An ideal URL will look something like this: linkedin.com/in/yourfullname. Don’t force people to type in a bunch of incomprehensible numbers and letters. Simply modify your â€Å"public profile URL† in the settings section to make this change.2. Make a sharp first impression.Create a basic profile that is visually appealing, clear, concise, and welcoming. Upload a photo- the most professional one you have. Write yourself a compelling (but concise) headline to help recruiters and visitors to your page get what you’re about without having to read too much- think of it as a mini elevator pitch.3. Expand upon your application documents.Use your LinkedIn page to detail everything that doesn’t fit in your resume and cover letter. In the description space beneath each job title you list, detail your responsibilities and positive results. Upload links to your portfolio, or other documents and videos that showcase your best work. Add a little something extra to really make every section sing.4. Get eyes on your page.Once your profile and URL are where you need them to be, start con necting. Send requests and invitations to your existing professional and personal contacts- your friends, classmates, former co-workers, current co-workers, etc.- plus to any other people in your industry you know or want to know. Any time you have a positive networking interaction with someone, shoot them an invite on LinkedIn (and personalize the message†¦ don’t waste an opportunity with the standard â€Å"Hi, Name, I’d like to connect with you on LinkedIn.†) If you get invites from people you don’t know, check out their profiles. Can they be potentially helpful to you and your career? Are they interesting in their own right?5. Snoop around.Start stalking the companies you would love to join. What can you learn by digging around on those company feeds? Do you have any existing contacts that have connections to these companies or industries? Can you score yourself an introduction somewhere?6. Maintain your profile.Don’t just make a profile on ce and forget to do anything new. Stay active. Remind your contacts why they thought you were worth connecting with in the first place. Share articles and links that are relevant to your industry. Keep your profile updated with every professional change. Engage with other people’s content on a regular basis- particularly people you might be trying to impress.7. Use keywords to attract hiring managers.If it’s clear you speak the language of your chosen industry, you will come across as informed and professional. Using key terms in your headline and profile make it more likely that hiring managers will stumble upon you as a candidate, even if they aren’t specifically looking for you.

History up 1977 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History up 1977 - Essay Example Though witchcraft was prevalent in England, the Church did not take part in it. However, the Salem area was place of the Puritans who believed in witchcraft, Satan and the world of spirits and so witchcraft was very much part of their lives. But since the Chesapeake colonies comprised mainly of entrepreneurs, there was no scare of witchcraft in that area. With regard to the Bacon’s Rebellion, New England did not have a large number of indentured servants for carrying on their work. Rebellions such as the Bacon Rebellion were caused by indentured servants who felt threatened of being suppressed or held down by their employers. However, such indentured workers were quite common in the Chesapeake colonies. Bacon’s Rebellion was a hallmark in the history of the English colonies because it contributed towards making the seed of independence burst open in the hearts of the people and kindled their desire for independence. References The 1692 Witchcraft Scare www.thehistoricpr esent.wordpress.com/.../the-1692-witch-scare-why-salem/

Rewrite - Extended Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rewrite - Extended Research Report - Essay Example It is vital to know the skills of employees as to understand the goals that they should take on. Research findings have shown that employee performance evaluations also depend on the development and organizational improvement of the company. By conducting this evaluation, employees can be instructed on how to provide better work. The evaluation can also help to provide the employee with personal development and organizational goals. The possibilities of an increase in salary, a promotion, and good recognition can also result from employee evaluations. This report concludes that not only do employee performance evaluations help to improve employee work, but can also aid a company in improving its business. Goals, whether long-term or short-term, cannot be met without regular evaluations. Recommendations discussed within the report include: increased productivity, making retainable and realistic goals, improving business relations, and helping various industries to narrow down on areas within their business that need improvement. This final paper is based on the extended research report that I have been conducting, providing an up-to-date status on employee performance evaluations based on the subject of human resources in the field of business. To completely understand the challenges that people face with human resource issues, I have opted to research and address the importance of the employee performance evaluation. I began researching this topic on June 10, 2010, and have been steadily adding on to it until it was completed. Employee performance evaluation has been an interesting topic to research and write about. When employers undergo performance evaluations for their employees, they are providing their workers with either praise or criticism, letting them know of the good they are doing and if anything needs to be changed.

Colour Purple, Porphyrias Lover Essay Example for Free

Colour Purple, Porphyrias Lover Essay Alphonso uses many catches, all of which helped convince Mr________ to accept Celie in marriage. Some of these bribes included â€Å"You can do everything just like you want to and she aint gonna make you feed it or clothe it† and â€Å"She’d come with her own Linen. She can take that cow she raise down there back of the crib. † These quotes show how her Pa believed he owned her. The possession he held for Celie was so great that he was able to offer her for marriage not because of the person she was, but for the things she could bring with her, and the chores she was able to complete. Browning’s Poem â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† uses the plot of this dramatic monologue to represent and tie in the aspect of possession. The man in Porphyria’s life is so engaged in the fact that Porphyria has some sense of feeling toward him and believes that her connections with the outside world is the only thing keeping her from staying with him. This man is so in love with Porphyria that she is able to make everything for him feel better. To him, Porphyria is above all else and changes the atmosphere almost automatically. When glided in Porphyria; straight she shut the cold out and the storm, And kneeled down and made the cheerless grate Blaze up and make the whole cottage warm. † Another way Walker uses her novel to develop possession, is when Celie decides to leave for Memphis with Shug, to get away from Mr______. After years of dealing with her husband’s ways of life, putting up with all the beatings, and having to deal with being owned, Ce lie decides that everything would be better off living with Shug who truly cares for her. The true feelings and the streak of possession starts to truly show when Mr______ hears of this. He exclaims to Celie â€Å"Who you think you is?.. You can’t curse nobody. Look at you. You black, you pore, You Ugly, You a woman. Goddam, he say, you nothing at all†. He uses this to try to persuade and convince Celie that she will be no good away from him, but it does not work. She follows her feelings and escapes from the life with him. Similarly, â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† is another example of the man trying to gain possession over the women in his life. Alternatively, Browning allows the man to effectively gain this possession. On realising that Porphyria truly does worship him, and that no matter how much her heart tells her that she loves him, she cannot tear herself away from her vein attires; he becomes determined on what to do. He realises that there is only one way to keep their love together, perfect and pure. â€Å"That moment she was mine, mine, fair, perfectly pure and good. I found a thing to do†¦. And strangled her. † This example showed how the possession was so great, that Porphyria was unable to escape. An additional way Alice Walker uses â€Å"Color Purple† to develop the idea of possession, very alike to Celie and Mr_____ relationship, is the marriage of Sofia and Harpo. Harpo does not like the idea of Sofia doing her own thing, having her own ideas and independence and so he confides with his father on what he could do. Harpo becomes convinced that to remove this independence, he needs to beat her. On attempting to beat Sofia, Harpo realises that she is not going to give in that way, and how much of a fight she can put up. On deciding that there is no way he is able to win in the frame he is in, Harpo starts to eat uncontrollably in attempt to put on weight to triumph over Sofia. â€Å"He eating more and more each day Harpo eat when he aint hungry † This still does not help him to succeed in possessing his wife. In Browning’s poetry, Porpheryias’ lover actually succeeds in possessing his love. By murdering her, he was able to keep the love between them both, allowing her joyful heart no longer to be able to break. He was able to preserve the moment of perfect love and justify it despite everything. At once, he was able to hold her, and keep her forever. â€Å"Only, this time my shoulder bore her head, which droops upon it still: The smiling rose little head, so glad it has its utmost will†. The next aspect of Love developed in â€Å"Color Purple† is the Powerlessness of women. The poem that relates to this aspect is â€Å"Child Wife† written by Oodgeroo of the Tribe Noonuccal. Both these texts help to portray how women in different cultures have to deal with the same feeling of being powerless, as well as having no say in what happens in their life. Walker again uses Celie’s relationship with her â€Å"Pa† as a way to form examples of the way women lack power in their life. Alphonso uses Celie to perform many of his duties, take care of the children as well as for his pleasure. â€Å"He never had a kine word to say to me. Just say you gonna do what you mammy wouldn’t†¦He start to choke me, saying you better shut up and git used to it. † This quote from the beginning of the novel explains how Celie’s Pa used to sexually assault her and how she was never allowed to say a word to anyone. She had no choice or say in what happened to her and always had to do exactly as she was told. Child Wife† is a similar example of the Powerlessness of women. In this poem the young girl has no choice and is forced to marry an old man The cultural ties in this tribe â€Å"Noonuccal† mean that young woman’s husbands are determined by everyone but the women herself, and don’t take int o account any lovers or any other aspects in their life. â€Å"My childhood over, I must sit forever, and the tears fall down† explains how devastated this young girl is about her marriage, but does not have the rights to be able to walk away or say no. Mr______ and Celie’s marriage is again a great example of the Powerlessness of Women. Mr_____ has sex with Celie without ever discussing or caring about Celie’s feelings or wants. Celie explains, â€Å"Most times I pretend I aint there. He never know the difference†¦Never.. Just do his business, get off, go to sleep. † Sex is just an enjoyment for Mr______, a chore, part of the business of being married. Because Celie is tied to marriage with Mr______, she has no choice but to learn to deal with it. Oodgeroo, of the tribe Noonuccal, once again uses her poems very similarly to the powerlessness of women in â€Å"Color Purple†, the only thing being that this young lady is restricted by traditions as well. The tribal traditions in Noonuccal meant that all husbands are chosen by the leaders, not based on age or the girls wants, but on what the man can provide and do, as well on what they personally think would be best for her. In this case the decision is what makes this young girl the least happy â€Å"They gave me to an old man, joyless and old. This leaves her doubting her life’s happiness and wishing she could have what she really wanted. â€Å"It was love I longed for, young love like mine, it was Dunwa wanted me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Another relationship in â€Å"Color Purple† of which the man tries to take the woman’s power is Sofia Harpo’s marriage. Harpo attempts for quite a long period to beat the independence out of Sofia to gain more power i n their relationship. The more Harpo tries to beat his wife, the more determined she becomes in doing her own thing. Eventually Sofia has enough and leaves him, taking with her all her children. â€Å"They come early one morning in two wagons to pick Sofia up. She doesn’t have much to take†¦The children. † This is Celie’s description of when Sofia’s sisters came to collect Sofia and save her from any more hassle with her husband. Harpo had attempted to make Sofia powerless, but failed, losing all his family in the process. Oodgeroo describes the young girl in â€Å"The child wife† surrounded by â€Å"Happy the small birds Mating and Nesting, Shrilling their gladness No grief may drown. Oodgeroo uses this part of the poem to explain that everything else around this little girl is happy, with no grief or sorrow, making her feel trapped by happiness. She has no choice but to be with this old man forever, powerless and drowned in pain. The third aspect of Love described in â€Å"Color Purple† and the last poem â€Å"At Seventeen† by T. S Elliot is loves absence. This aspect does not communicate the same ideas right throughout the two texts but is an aspect of which affects many characters and people in their day-to-day life’s. Whether not having experienced love, losing one that is loved or having been separated from a lover, Loves absence in either one of these texts can and does cause many emotions to evolve. Most of these emotions are powerful and are capable of accumulating into negative feelings. The only similar example, which helps to relate â€Å"Color Purple† and â€Å"At seventeen† in the same way, to the aspect of Loves Absence, is with Celie at the beginning of the novel. Celie never understood how somebody could fall in love, as she had never witnessed it herself. Nobody had ever been attracted to Celie, only ever using her for what she could do and for sex. Walker uses the quote â€Å"She not so pretty†¦Just that head of hair†¦Sure too black † to show how many people used to see Celie before Shug came along. Before Shug, Celie never really understood the meaning of true love. The same idea of Love’s absence, as shown in the first example in â€Å"Color Purple†, is shown all the way through T. S Elliot’s poem â€Å"At Seventeen†. The seventeen year old in this poem has realized that she just cannot compete with the peers her age and that she is not good enough for love. She thinks she does not have the looks or the money to attract anyone to love her. â€Å"I learnt the truth at seventeen that love was meant for beauty queens And high school girls with clear skinned smiles†. Elliot uses quotes such as this all through the poem to describe how this seventeen year old believes she is everything but glamour or beauty. Loves absence in this poem has lead this young girl to become mournful, pessimistic and depressed, at the same having a grandiose image of other girls on a pedestal compared to herself. It has lead her to believe that love is a shallow emotion only about beauty not about the person within. As a result, she leads herself to thinking she will never be able to fall in love because she feels she cannot compare. A diverse example but of equal significance in Walkers novel is between Celie and her sister Nettie. Even though the physical absence between the two sisters in this story is immense, and continues to grow and extend, Celie and Nettie still feel the same love and bonds for each other. â€Å"The years have come and gone without a single word from you. Only the sky above us do we hold in common†¦One day I will find myself gazing into your eyes†¦Oh Celie! † The passion that is showing through in this quote is becoming an all-consuming thought in Nettie’s mind, forming constant worry and anxiety about where her sister is and if they will ever meet again. The last example that transmits the same idea of Love’s absence in â€Å"At seventeen† comprises of the quote â€Å"To those of us who know the pain of Valentines that never came†¦and those of whose names were never called when choosing sides for basketball†. This does not use the same illustration as what Color purple does, as the young girl had never had a love, to lose. Instead, she wishes she had experienced the love of which others boast about. All these texts, â€Å"Color Purple†, â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover†, â€Å"Child Wife† and â€Å"At Seventeen† represent very similar but divergent issues and aspects that help develop the common theme of Love. Each one of these aspects has helped to demonstrate the boundaries and connections that can evolve in the process of Love.

Comparing Women in A Mans Requirements and A Letter to Her Husband Ess

Subservient Women in A Man’s Requirements and A Letter to Her Husband Authors use poetry to creatively present attitudes and opinions. â€Å"A Man’s Requirements,† by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and â€Å"A Letter to Her Husband, Absent upon Public Employment† are two poems with distinct attitudes about love that contain different literary approaches. In both of the poems, love is addressed from a different perspective, producing the difference in expectation and presentation, but both suggest the women are subservient in the relationships. In â€Å"A Man’s Requirements,† Elizabeth Barrett Browning uses repetition, flowery language, and strategic role play to expose her regard for man’s perception of love. The narrator repeatedly pleads the phrase â€Å"Love me,† followed by his conditions, which are painted with adored language such as â€Å"with thine azure eyes, Made for earnest grantings.† For the narrator, the purpose of the poem is to request love; more specifically, it’s a demand for love, but Browning equips the narrator with a begging tone and flattering language, lightening his demand...

Three Disciplines

The Three Disciplines all appeal to me in some ways, but if I had to choose between anthropology, psychology, and sociology, I would have to choose psychology. The reasoning behind it will be explained in detail but it can be broken down to three main reasons; being the first discipline with verified results and facts rather than unproven theories, having more post-high school opportunities considering that I wish to pursue a career in business, and being the most in-depth discipline. Psychology has more quantitative information, more interesting career opportunities and more systemized in comparison to anthropology and sociology.My character is very self-assured and I am not convinced easily, so with all my stubbornness, I cannot be persuaded by theory, I need proof. In 1879, Wilhelm Wundt opened the first experimental laboratory in psychology at the University of Leipzig, Germany (WGBH Educational Foundation, 2001). Obviously one would know that the beginning of psychology did not start exactly when the laboratory in Germany was opened, but the first sign of actual documentation and recording of results in a scientific environment was created.Laboratories were places where psychologists like Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Ivan Pavlov, B. F. Skinner and more would be taken seriously when they would introduce their ideas of psychoanalytic theory, the conscious and unconscious mind, analytical psychology, collective conscious, unconditioned and conditioned response and stimulus, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning (Collinshaw & Kritzer & Warecki, 2011, p. 59, 61, 64, 65). In the 1870s, zoos became unattended â€Å"laboratories†, especially with the so-called â€Å"ethnological exhibitions† or â€Å"Negro villages†. † (Wikipedia, 2011). The earliest anthropological laboratories were the use of zoos, which is very hard to take seriously, even though it makes sense. Anthropology is the scientific study of the origin, the behaviour , and the physical, social, and cultural development of humans, so studying animals first would be an adequate place to start, since animals are much less complex. Sociology is a relatively new academic discipline. It emerged in the early 19th century in response to the challenges of modernity. † (edu. learnsoc. org, 2011). Sociology itself is behind in comparison to psychology and anthropology so it is expected that it would not have as many legitimate records or working environments as psychology. In the future, I wish to pursue a career involving mainly business courses, just because that is what I like. I enjoy economics, which is basically applying the thought of people to numbers and prices, to get an outcome.I researched the economics program and psychology program at the University of Toronto, and they in fact have no relation together, but within my undergraduate years I am able to take psychology courses along with economics courses. In my perception, I feel like I c an use certain psychology courses to understand the mind better and take advantage of that from a business point of view, and generate profit. Courses like Cross-cultural psychology, and Special Topics in Human Communication can help me delve into the human mind.Cross-culture psychology is the examination of culture-blind and culture-bound aspects of traditional psychology that includes issues of diversity, cultural influences on basic psychological processes, and the impact of culture on social and developmental processes (University of Toronto, 2012). By studying cultural influences, I could maybe create a product that is appealing to today’s Canadian culture. Special Topics in Human Communication is the examination of selected topics in psychological approaches to human communication (University of Toronto, 2012).Communicating better or more efficiently could increase sales of some sort where I would have to encourage and convince people to purchase something. There defini tely are courses in anthropology that can be tied into an economics program that would actually help me in my future career, like Social Theory Through Everyday Life, which explains theories of culture and society, with examples from ordinary life and fantasy and their popular expressions (University Of Toronto, 2012), but the issue is that I have no interest in the study of society as a whole, I would rather study an individual.Sociology courses once again pertain to groups of people rather than the individuals in them, with courses like Women and Work, and Race Class Gender, which are pretty self explanatory (University of Toronto, 2012). As a person of specificity and depth, I wish to study individuals rather than crowds. As I already mentioned, I am a person of depth, and psychology is deep because it is broken up into so many sub-fields or â€Å"Schools of Thought† as our course book labels them. Anthropology only has four sub-fields, and sociology is broken up into seve ral issues to study rather than sub-fields.Psychology consists of biological, clinical, cognitive, comparative, developmental, education and school, evolutionary, industrial, personality, social, and positive (Wikipedia, 2012). In our course so far we have not even covered half of those sub-fields. Anthropology consists of cultural anthropology, archeology, linguistic anthropology, and physical anthropology (Wikipedia, 2012). Our course has covered three out of those four sub-fields already. Traditional focuses of sociology have included social stratification, social class, culture, social mobility, religion, secularization, law, and deviance.Our course has covered some of those issues. Psychology leads with the most sub-fields that probably needed a lot of work to organize and separate, which is why psychology appeals to me the most. In conclusion, psychology is a much more interesting and diverse discipline since it deals with the individual mind rather than society itself. In my future career psychology courses could be very affective if I deal with people face to face. This essay has proven to me and to the reader what opportunities psychology has for me in the future. References * edu. learnsoc. org. History of Sociology. Retrieved from http://edu. earnsoc. org/Chapters/1%20introduction/3%20history%20of%20sociology. htm * University of Toronto. Arts & Science 2011-2012 Fall/Winter Session Timetable for: Sociology [SOC courses]. Looking for the official U of T Faculty of Arts and Science home page?. Retrieved from http://www. artsandscience. utoronto. ca/ofr/timetable/winter/soc. html * University of Toronto. Course Descriptions — Anthropology. (n. d. ). Welcome to the Department of Anthropology — Anthropology. Retrieved from http://anthropology. utoronto. ca/undergraduate/courses * WGBH Educational Foundation. The History of Psychology.Retrieved from http://www. learner. org/discoveringpsychology/history/history_nonflash. html * Wikipedia. A nthropology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Anthropology * Wikipedia. History of anthropology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_anthropology * Wikipedia. Psychology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Psychology * Wikipedia. Sociology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sociology * * * * * *

Student Motivation

Student motivation is an important aspect of education, students across all subjects in secondary education lack motivation. Students are intrinsically motivated to learn at an early age but as they get older they lose their intrinsic motivation. Teachers use extrinsic rewards in the classroom not to motivate but to regulate student behavior. Motivation is a dominant part of a students' educational experience from preschool onward but it has received limited attention amongst an education reform agenda engrossed mainly on accountability, standards, and tests, teacher excellence, and school administration. As students move through the school system from preschool to high school they become more disengaged this eventually leads to more high school dropouts. It is very important that we know how motivation is perceived by students as well as teachers. This will give some indication as to the types of professional development that will provide teachers with strategies to help improve student motivation and engagement. This will be necessary if we want our students to be successful and become a function part of our society. Keywords: academic achievement, intrinsic reward, extrinsic reward, strategies, professional development and student autonomy Today many of our students are slipping through the cracks because of their lack of motivation, these students come to school every day sit in our classrooms and walk out of them not learning or attempting to learn. They are not motivated or engaged in our classes even though we utilize strategies to challenge, motivate and engage. Students' motivation can influence what and how they learn. In turn, as students learn and perceive that they are becoming more skillful they are motivated to continue to learn. (Schunk, 2016). This is not the case for most of our students in the classrooms, it is up to the teacher to engage and be cognizant of how they learn. As children advance from preschool to elementary they demonstrate a great amount enthusiasm for learning, they are engaged and are eager for knowledge. Students during this timeframe are intrinsically motivated. However, students' interest in learning and the desire to perform fades as the years go by, their intrinsic motivation decreases. The lack of motivation is the main reason why many students drop out of high school, they feel unmotivated and unchallenged. The lack of motivation in education is a valid and persistent problem that needs to be addressed. Recent studies look at the perception of motivation by students' and teachers' which from the students prospective indicates that their motivation stems from their interactions with their teachers and their social environment. This is a concept seen in Vygotsky's theory of learning which dealt with the impact of the social environment and its influence on cognition. Vygotsky considered the social environment critical for learning and thought that social interactions transformed learning experienced. (Schunk 2016) Trending among these studies are student's interactions with teachers and peers, the classroom environment, building relationships with teachers, teacher feedback and student autonomy over their learning. The research question examined in this paper is: What are students' and teacher's perceptions of motivation and engagement in grades 9-12? In exploring the perceptions of students and teachers this paper will address the effect of the social environment on student motivation and engagement in the classroom.Learning Theory AssociationThe social cognitive learning theory is based on the concept that students learn by observing and modeling the behaviors of others. Students observe models, explain and demonstrate skills then practice them. (Schunk, 2016) It also discussed the importance teaching students' strategies that will help them to learn how to control their behavior and direct their own learning. Self-efficacy refers to the perception of one's capabilities to produce actions; outcome expectations involve beliefs about anticipated outcome of the actions. (Schunk, 2016) Students' self-efficacy will shape their motivation for learning and goal attainment. The social cognitive theory is also based on the concept that people learn from their environment. The environment's influence on behavior occurs when students look at a slide without much conscious deliberation (environment =behavior). Students' behavior often alters the instructional environment, if the teacher asks questions and students give the wrong answers, the teacher may reteach the same points rather than continue the lesson (behavior = environment). (Schunk, 2016) Motivation engages students in activities that facilitate learning. (Schunk, 2016) Students may become more motivated by watching similar others succeed than by those who they believe are superior in confidence. (Schunk, 2016) Research indicates that most of the students attributed their engagement and motivation to their teachers. They expressed that their teachers motivated them, building a social relationship with their teachers led to them being motivated. (Seigle, Rubenstein & Mitchell, 2014) The establishment of a positive social relationship fostered students' engagement and motivation. Students also pointed to the fact that they related to those teachers who were passionate about their work, knowledgeable in their field and the method of delivery was interesting and interactive. (Seigle, Rubenstein ; Mitchell, 2014) Another negative impact on student motivation is teacher burnout. The emotional exhaustion of teachers contributed to a reduction of student motivation because it leads to low autonomy-supportive teaching, the conclusion was teacher burnout weakened student motivation because teachers influence students through instructional styles, and the emotions they show. Students' perception of how their teachers feel about teaching can affect their motivation to learn. (Shen, McCaughtry, Martin, Garn, Kulik, & Fahlman, 2015) Although motivation is boosted when students observe teacher giving praises and high grades others for hard work and good performances, motivation is sustained over time when students believe their own efforts are leading to better performances. (Schunk, 2016). A recent study indicated that students will exhibit encouraging social and academic motivation when their perception that their teachers and peers make available to them clear expectations, help and advice. The contribution of peers and teachers have a positive effect on student motivation. Providing classroom support, help, advice and instruction and the creation of a safe environment and emotional support all contribute to student academic and social motivation. (Wentzel, Battle, Russell, & Looney, 2010) Utilizing an electronic gradebook, and a point system student were the autonomy over their learning and behavior. This gave students the choice of how to perform this gives them the autonomy of making choices hopefully good choices that will benefit them in the end. Giving the students autonomy over their grades motivated them to want to be better students which led to student engagement. (Koth, 2016) Student autonomy over their grades would motivate them intrinsically, when students are intrinsically motivated, they engage in an activity for reasons intrinsic to the activity. The reward comes from working on the task: the task is both the means and the end. The reward for intrinsic motivation may be feelings of competence and control, self-satisfaction, task success, or pride in one's work. (Schunk, 2016) In a perfect world all students would be intrinsically motivated but we don't live in a perfect world so we as educators must foster intrinsic motivation since research shows that as students advance in age this type of motivation deteriorates. To intrinsically engage students, we need to encourage students to take an active role in their learning. We also need build rapport with students, teachers can get to know their students on a more personal level this will encourage engagement. When planning for your students be clear in your expectations of them, what they should expect where content is concerned and when items will be due in advance so they know ahead of time. (Buskist, Busler & Kirby, 2018) Some teachers use extrinsic rewards to encourage academic achievement and appropriate behaviors, teachers gave tangible rewards to help motivate students to behave in a positive manner. However, it was most often used to manage student behavior not to motivate students to be academically successful. (Hoffman, Huff & Patterson, 2009) Research indicate that teachers' perception of student motivation research that teachers do not always know what motivates students in as much as they many claimed that students' lack of motivation was due to that fact that they did not find the subject relevant. Teachers are not using strategies that will motivate students. There is also the implication that teachers need to seek professional development to help them acquire strategies to help motivate student. Which many are not willing to do. (D'Elisa, 2015) Definitions of Key TermsAcademic achievement: this represents routine results that show the degree to which a person has mastered explicit goals that were the concentration of actions in instructional atmospheres, specifically in school, college, and university. For the purpose of this paper the end academic achievement will be graduating high school.Intrinsic reward: is an intangible award of acknowledgement, a sense of accomplishment, or a cognizant satisfaction. The reward for intrinsic motivation may be feelings of competence and control, self-satisfaction, task success, or pride in one's work. (Schunk, 2016)Extrinsic reward: is an award that is tangible or physically given to you for achieving something. This is most often used by teachers to manage student behavior not to motivate students to be academically successful. (Hoffman, Huff & Patterson, 2009) Strategies: A plan of action in the case of education to motivate students, a variety of ways used in the classroom to motivate and engage.Professional development: In education, the term professional development may be used in reference to a variety of focused training, formal education, or advanced professional learning intended to help administrators, teachers, and other educators improve their professional knowledge, competence, skill, and effectiveness. Student autonomy: is when students take control and accountability for their learning, in terms of what they learn and how they learn it. The initial point being the idea that students are capable of self-direction and can progress to have independent, proactive approach to their academic accomplishments.Gaps in the ResearchThe gaps in the research points to that fact that most of the research done were done in urban cities rather than a mixture of urban and rural areas.There are also some limitations in what can be done in the schools because of the need for all parties to work collaboratively to use the research finding to improve motivation and engagement. Another gap in the research was that many of the studies done on student motivation were not done in the United States they were done in Asia, Canada and Australia. Students' lack of motivation leads to disengagement and dropout from school and educational pursuits, an inescapable issue, that is widespread among all our schools. Filling in the gap requires identifying and using effective motivational strategies, tested and proven in schools for students, by teachers and administrators. For the most part teachers who can identify the reason behind students' lack of motivation will try to use strategies the feel with help those students. For example, if teachers believe that students are unmotivated because they don't see the content as personally relevant, they tend to include examples of its relevance. Similarly, if teachers believe that school-based skills are disconnected from students' career goals and future aspirations, they tend to work at showing students how skills can fit for them. However, when teachers are confronted with diverse and contrastive needs, such a direct correspondence of strategies is more difficult and a sense of helplessness is common (Hardrà © & Sullivan, 2009).Biblical WorldviewApplying a Biblical worldview to different aspects of education allows for another way to look at education as well as educators.The worldview that is most closely related to the social cognitive learning theory is that of Naturalism. In this worldview we acquire knowledge through innate and autonomous human reason, including methods of science, we can know the universe the cosmos, including this world is understood to be in its normal state. (Sire, 2009) Naturalism denies that there is a God the creator and like the social cognitive theory a child is born with innate faculties which merely have to develop naturally. These faculties work on their own within the framework of the languages and cultures to which they are exposed. According to the social cognitive theory student learn through observation, student observes, models, explain and demonstrate skills then practice them (Schunk, 2016). In a Christian worldview God directs us to teach without holding back, in Romans 12:6-7 â€Å"We have different gifts, according to the grace given to each of us. If your gift is prophesying, then prophesy in accordance with your faith; if it is serving, then serve; if it is teaching, then teach;† God has given us gifts, which we need to use to its fullest. If god gave you the gift of teaching then you should teach to the best of your ability, to meet the needs of all your students. Conclusion Students' lack of motivation is a huge problem across the United States, if we are to combat this problem we as educators need to know what is the main reason behind this lack of motivation. We need to focus on current research, collaborate with policymakers as well as school administrators if we want to help inspire motivation and engagement. If this means we must give up precious time to learn new strategies to promote student autonomy and self-directed learning it will be well worth it. To be able to see students staying in school graduating high school and moving on to higher education would be an astonishing vision. Students are most likely to display positive aspects of social and academic motivation when they perceive their teacher and peers are providing them with clear expectations for social and academic outcome. As educators we must continuously commit to equipping ourselves with the tools that will help our students to become motivated and engaged. Student Motivation Student motivation is an important aspect of education, students across all subjects in secondary education lack motivation. Students are intrinsically motivated to learn at an early age but as they get older they lose their intrinsic motivation. Teachers use extrinsic rewards in the classroom not to motivate but to regulate student behavior. Motivation is a dominant part of a students' educational experience from preschool onward but it has received limited attention amongst an education reform agenda engrossed mainly on accountability, standards, and tests, teacher excellence, and school administration. As students move through the school system from preschool to high school they become more disengaged this eventually leads to more high school dropouts. It is very important that we know how motivation is perceived by students as well as teachers. This will give some indication as to the types of professional development that will provide teachers with strategies to help improve student motivation and engagement. This will be necessary if we want our students to be successful and become a function part of our society. Keywords: academic achievement, intrinsic reward, extrinsic reward, strategies, professional development and student autonomy Today many of our students are slipping through the cracks because of their lack of motivation, these students come to school every day sit in our classrooms and walk out of them not learning or attempting to learn. They are not motivated or engaged in our classes even though we utilize strategies to challenge, motivate and engage. Students' motivation can influence what and how they learn. In turn, as students learn and perceive that they are becoming more skillful they are motivated to continue to learn. (Schunk, 2016). This is not the case for most of our students in the classrooms, it is up to the teacher to engage and be cognizant of how they learn. As children advance from preschool to elementary they demonstrate a great amount enthusiasm for learning, they are engaged and are eager for knowledge. Students during this timeframe are intrinsically motivated. However, students' interest in learning and the desire to perform fades as the years go by, their intrinsic motivation decreases. The lack of motivation is the main reason why many students drop out of high school, they feel unmotivated and unchallenged. The lack of motivation in education is a valid and persistent problem that needs to be addressed. Recent studies look at the perception of motivation by students' and teachers' which from the students prospective indicates that their motivation stems from their interactions with their teachers and their social environment. This is a concept seen in Vygotsky's theory of learning which dealt with the impact of the social environment and its influence on cognition. Vygotsky considered the social environment critical for learning and thought that social interactions transformed learning experienced. (Schunk 2016) Trending among these studies are student's interactions with teachers and peers, the classroom environment, building relationships with teachers, teacher feedback and student autonomy over their learning. The research question examined in this paper is: What are students' and teacher's perceptions of motivation and engagement in grades 9-12? In exploring the perceptions of students and teachers this paper will address the effect of the social environment on student motivation and engagement in the classroom.Learning Theory AssociationThe social cognitive learning theory is based on the concept that students learn by observing and modeling the behaviors of others. Students observe models, explain and demonstrate skills then practice them. (Schunk, 2016) It also discussed the importance teaching students' strategies that will help them to learn how to control their behavior and direct their own learning. Self-efficacy refers to the perception of one's capabilities to produce actions; outcome expectations involve beliefs about anticipated outcome of the actions. (Schunk, 2016) Students' self-efficacy will shape their motivation for learning and goal attainment. The social cognitive theory is also based on the concept that people learn from their environment. The environment's influence on behavior occurs when students look at a slide without much conscious deliberation (environment =behavior). Students' behavior often alters the instructional environment, if the teacher asks questions and students give the wrong answers, the teacher may reteach the same points rather than continue the lesson (behavior = environment). (Schunk, 2016) Motivation engages students in activities that facilitate learning. (Schunk, 2016) Students may become more motivated by watching similar others succeed than by those who they believe are superior in confidence. (Schunk, 2016) Research indicates that most of the students attributed their engagement and motivation to their teachers. They expressed that their teachers motivated them, building a social relationship with their teachers led to them being motivated. (Seigle, Rubenstein & Mitchell, 2014) The establishment of a positive social relationship fostered students' engagement and motivation. Students also pointed to the fact that they related to those teachers who were passionate about their work, knowledgeable in their field and the method of delivery was interesting and interactive. (Seigle, Rubenstein ; Mitchell, 2014) Another negative impact on student motivation is teacher burnout. The emotional exhaustion of teachers contributed to a reduction of student motivation because it leads to low autonomy-supportive teaching, the conclusion was teacher burnout weakened student motivation because teachers influence students through instructional styles, and the emotions they show. Students' perception of how their teachers feel about teaching can affect their motivation to learn. (Shen, McCaughtry, Martin, Garn, Kulik, & Fahlman, 2015) Although motivation is boosted when students observe teacher giving praises and high grades others for hard work and good performances, motivation is sustained over time when students believe their own efforts are leading to better performances. (Schunk, 2016). A recent study indicated that students will exhibit encouraging social and academic motivation when their perception that their teachers and peers make available to them clear expectations, help and advice. The contribution of peers and teachers have a positive effect on student motivation. Providing classroom support, help, advice and instruction and the creation of a safe environment and emotional support all contribute to student academic and social motivation. (Wentzel, Battle, Russell, & Looney, 2010) Utilizing an electronic gradebook, and a point system student were the autonomy over their learning and behavior. This gave students the choice of how to perform this gives them the autonomy of making choices hopefully good choices that will benefit them in the end. Giving the students autonomy over their grades motivated them to want to be better students which led to student engagement. (Koth, 2016) Student autonomy over their grades would motivate them intrinsically, when students are intrinsically motivated, they engage in an activity for reasons intrinsic to the activity. The reward comes from working on the task: the task is both the means and the end. The reward for intrinsic motivation may be feelings of competence and control, self-satisfaction, task success, or pride in one's work. (Schunk, 2016) In a perfect world all students would be intrinsically motivated but we don't live in a perfect world so we as educators must foster intrinsic motivation since research shows that as students advance in age this type of motivation deteriorates. To intrinsically engage students, we need to encourage students to take an active role in their learning. We also need build rapport with students, teachers can get to know their students on a more personal level this will encourage engagement. When planning for your students be clear in your expectations of them, what they should expect where content is concerned and when items will be due in advance so they know ahead of time. (Buskist, Busler & Kirby, 2018) Some teachers use extrinsic rewards to encourage academic achievement and appropriate behaviors, teachers gave tangible rewards to help motivate students to behave in a positive manner. However, it was most often used to manage student behavior not to motivate students to be academically successful. (Hoffman, Huff & Patterson, 2009) Research indicate that teachers' perception of student motivation research that teachers do not always know what motivates students in as much as they many claimed that students' lack of motivation was due to that fact that they did not find the subject relevant. Teachers are not using strategies that will motivate students. There is also the implication that teachers need to seek professional development to help them acquire strategies to help motivate student. Which many are not willing to do. (D'Elisa, 2015) Definitions of Key TermsAcademic achievement: this represents routine results that show the degree to which a person has mastered explicit goals that were the concentration of actions in instructional atmospheres, specifically in school, college, and university. For the purpose of this paper the end academic achievement will be graduating high school.Intrinsic reward: is an intangible award of acknowledgement, a sense of accomplishment, or a cognizant satisfaction. The reward for intrinsic motivation may be feelings of competence and control, self-satisfaction, task success, or pride in one's work. (Schunk, 2016)Extrinsic reward: is an award that is tangible or physically given to you for achieving something. This is most often used by teachers to manage student behavior not to motivate students to be academically successful. (Hoffman, Huff & Patterson, 2009) Strategies: A plan of action in the case of education to motivate students, a variety of ways used in the classroom to motivate and engage.Professional development: In education, the term professional development may be used in reference to a variety of focused training, formal education, or advanced professional learning intended to help administrators, teachers, and other educators improve their professional knowledge, competence, skill, and effectiveness. Student autonomy: is when students take control and accountability for their learning, in terms of what they learn and how they learn it. The initial point being the idea that students are capable of self-direction and can progress to have independent, proactive approach to their academic accomplishments.Gaps in the ResearchThe gaps in the research points to that fact that most of the research done were done in urban cities rather than a mixture of urban and rural areas.There are also some limitations in what can be done in the schools because of the need for all parties to work collaboratively to use the research finding to improve motivation and engagement. Another gap in the research was that many of the studies done on student motivation were not done in the United States they were done in Asia, Canada and Australia. Students' lack of motivation leads to disengagement and dropout from school and educational pursuits, an inescapable issue, that is widespread among all our schools. Filling in the gap requires identifying and using effective motivational strategies, tested and proven in schools for students, by teachers and administrators. For the most part teachers who can identify the reason behind students' lack of motivation will try to use strategies the feel with help those students. For example, if teachers believe that students are unmotivated because they don't see the content as personally relevant, they tend to include examples of its relevance. Similarly, if teachers believe that school-based skills are disconnected from students' career goals and future aspirations, they tend to work at showing students how skills can fit for them. However, when teachers are confronted with diverse and contrastive needs, such a direct correspondence of strategies is more difficult and a sense of helplessness is common (Hardrà © & Sullivan, 2009).Biblical WorldviewApplying a Biblical worldview to different aspects of education allows for another way to look at education as well as educators.The worldview that is most closely related to the social cognitive learning theory is that of Naturalism. In this worldview we acquire knowledge through innate and autonomous human reason, including methods of science, we can know the universe the cosmos, including this world is understood to be in its normal state. (Sire, 2009) Naturalism denies that there is a God the creator and like the social cognitive theory a child is born with innate faculties which merely have to develop naturally. These faculties work on their own within the framework of the languages and cultures to which they are exposed. According to the social cognitive theory student learn through observation, student observes, models, explain and demonstrate skills then practice them (Schunk, 2016). In a Christian worldview God directs us to teach without holding back, in Romans 12:6-7 â€Å"We have different gifts, according to the grace given to each of us. If your gift is prophesying, then prophesy in accordance with your faith; if it is serving, then serve; if it is teaching, then teach;† God has given us gifts, which we need to use to its fullest. If god gave you the gift of teaching then you should teach to the best of your ability, to meet the needs of all your students. Conclusion Students' lack of motivation is a huge problem across the United States, if we are to combat this problem we as educators need to know what is the main reason behind this lack of motivation. We need to focus on current research, collaborate with policymakers as well as school administrators if we want to help inspire motivation and engagement. If this means we must give up precious time to learn new strategies to promote student autonomy and self-directed learning it will be well worth it. To be able to see students staying in school graduating high school and moving on to higher education would be an astonishing vision. Students are most likely to display positive aspects of social and academic motivation when they perceive their teacher and peers are providing them with clear expectations for social and academic outcome. As educators we must continuously commit to equipping ourselves with the tools that will help our students to become motivated and engaged.