Fundamentals of Managing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Basics of Managing People - Essay Example Wages, Training, wellbeing, decent variety, work-life balance just as wellbeing and health are a portion of the center representative needs. When these are satisfied, quality yield is ensured. Furthermore, when this fragile parity is achieved, workers can cultivate camaraderie among themselves just as dedication to their representatives. Managers then again will encounter lower representative turnover rates which in the long run lead to decreased benefits (Hall, 2003:46). Work life balance is a basic piece of the riddle in light of the fact that each representative has a loved ones outside the business scope. Numerous a worker has exited their positions since it doesn't enough provide food for this specific need. Changed Employee Priorities 10 years or so back, the most noteworthy need for most representatives was building up their vocations. Today, the steers of the result have changed. Most representatives are increasingly keen on having both a family and a decent vocation and most would leave an occupation inferable from reasons identified with work life balance (Palundi, 2012:77). It is basic for one to seek after accomplishment and bliss in the activity as well as in one’s individual circle. Delight for this situation implies pride, festivity, bliss, a general feeling of prosperity and fulfillment in the activity that they do. This has thus driven different organizations in the globe to offer serious bundles that offer adaptable works on concerning work-life rehearses. Paid work and family care are the most fundamental components of work family balance. Be that as it may, work-life additionally incorporates instruction, chipping in and diversion. Work-life permits representatives to impart their chance to both the activity and their family and still produce quality outcomes. Managers need to comprehend that work-life balance is imperative to the representative. Be that as it may, the representative additionally has a task to carry out in guaranteein g that his needs are met with the goal that his profitability is ideal. It is the employee’s boss obligation to guarantee that he salutes himself on function admirably done and continues propelling himself (Hall, 2003:79). Furthermore, it is dependent upon him to offer himself a reprieve when he merits one. He likewise needs to define limits between his expert and individual lives. The administration and the workers need to concede to a program that will improve a positive parity of the two. In an ongoing report, it was evaluated that in each five representatives, two are not happy with the harmony between their private lives and the expert ones. Long working hours, long drives, expanded weight at work, changing socioeconomics and the weakening of limits among work and life are a portion of the contributing components to the disappointment. Businesses who disregard this essential component in their employees’ lives will encounter high turnover rates, miserable workers just as low resolve. All representatives need to understand that their workers are increasingly inspired by help projects to better their loves comprehensively more that money related remuneration (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2005:135) It abandons saying there it isn't in any way, shape or form to accomplish an ideal harmony among work and life. Once can't have the option to plan equivalent number of hours to all the numerous parts of work and life (Beauregard, 2009:83). Attempting to do this will disappoint the worker since it will wind up being both ridiculous just as unrewarding. Also, it is significant that the equalization will continue changing as time advances, even as meager as on an ordinary premise. For instance, the equalization that utilized

Coming through

Coming Through SlaughterTab/Tab/ Coming Through Slaughter composed by Michael Ondaatje recounts Buddy Bolden's drop into his own damnation. Ondaatje's epic is brimming with craftsmanship and excellence and recounts to the account of a performer, who was top notch in his time whose work impacted the music of a few later ages. It is an account of a craftsman who attempted to rise above life's tragedies and who endured with despair, franticness, forlornness, and the violence of life. The epic places on Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans cornet player, and early jazz virtuoso, who dropped far out for a long time and afterward made a triumphant however fleeting return, before biting the dust in a refuge. In Coming Through Slaughter, Buddy Bolden battled to live between an open and a private and to manage the strains among impulse and awareness. Bolden's feelings are best found in his music, which is a particular type of the blues that communicates the battles that continually encompassed him.First Street, Central City New Orlea ns. Mate Bold...Bolden is the distanced and segregated craftsman unfit to live inside the structures of request and control. The steady requests that crowds makes on him drives Bolden into madness. These are the requests that had caused a change in Bolden's character. On the off chance that lone he had known the mischief in these requests, he would have had the option to ensure himself. Rather, it devastated his life and career.Russell 2All of Buddy's crowds are egotistical, and all have their own needs from Buddy. Every assumes a job in Buddy's life, causing it to appear as though he is the most notable individual in their lives. While all have their own enthusiasm for mind. For Webb, quite a while companion, Bolden doesn't exist as a private individual with private needs, however just as an open individual. Webb was the main individual who scanned for...

Society and Femininity Essay -- American Literature Essays

Society and Femininity: Triumph of the Human Spirit Not many books in American Literature can procure the title of ageless. These books rise above the ages, since they have a more noteworthy significance. Their accounts show individuals life, the brilliance of the human spirit, and everything it can suffer to survive. Three books specifically get to the very heart of ladylike battle. Despite the fact that they contact not on women’s battle to cast a ballot, they arrive at the higher plain of women’s battle to be viewed as what their identity is and not what society needs them to be. To Kill a Mockingbird, The Color Purple and The Bluest Eye all arrangement with the subject of ladies attempting to conquer society. In spite of the fact that these books were written in the mid to later 50% of the twentieth century, they return to when the Great Depression was contacting all strolls of human life. Every one of the principle characters in these books doesn't fit society’s perspective on gentility during the timespan. D espite the fact that the fundamental characters in the three stories don't fit society’s thought of gentility, they each, in their own specific manner, beat this and show a more prominent stunner of solidarity. Every one of the three primary characters in every one of these accounts neglect to satisfy society’s thought of magnificence and womanliness. The lead character of To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout, is a multi year old boyish girl, during when young ladies aren’t expected to be spitfires. She gets a lot of analysis by her auntie and numerous others for not being the perfect youthful young lady. Harper Lee, the creator, communicates through the view purpose of Scout, â€Å"Aunt Alexandra was over the top regarding the matter of my clothing. I couldn't in any way, shape or form plan to be a woman in the event that I wore breeches, at that point I said I could do nothing in a dress, she said I wasn’t expected to do things that requi... ... isn't happy to surrender the battle by her astonishing want to need that youngster to live. In spite of the fact that the book doesn't show Claudia in adulthood, one can imagine her as the embodiment of a resilient lady. These three fundamental characters challenge society due to their quality. These books become immortal on account of the female characters. Every epic challenges the desires for society in its own specific manner. They embody ladies who ascend over the normal to get more prominent than what a great many people are. The books show the female soul in the entirety of its greatness; they depict its qualities and capacity to conquer deterrents. Works Cited Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. 1960. 40th Anniversary Ed. New York: HarperCollins Pub, 1999. Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970. Walker, Alice. The Color Purple. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanocich, 1982.

Eating disorders: a problem Essay

Dietary problems are an overall issue. There are numerous sorts of dietary problems. There are programs out there to help individuals with dietary problems. With such a large number of types we should comprehend the distinctions by taking a gander at each sort, how it influences youngsters, and what impact the media has on this issue. Dietary issues come in a wide range of types. One of these is anorexia. Anorexia is a genuine malady which causes a serious absence of eating. The correct name is anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa makes individuals lose more weight than is viewed as sound for their age and tallness. People with this issue may have an extraordinary dread of weight increase, in any event, when they are underweight. They may consume less calories or exercise excessively or utilize different approaches to get more fit. Their confidence is normally excessively identified with self-perception. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001401/) Anorexia nervosa has many admonition signs that can tell somebody on the off chance that they have an issue. Somebody may decline to eat certain nourishments/food classifications and deny their appetite all together. An individual may create â€Å"food rituals† in which they orchestrate nourishments with a particular goal in mind, exorbitantly bite, eat in a specific request, etc†¦ One may pull back themselves from their companions, family, or society. They may much of the time say something about being â€Å"fat† or â€Å"overweight† notwithstanding their weight reduction. (http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/anorexia-nervosa) Another sort of dietary problem is bulimia nervosa. Bulimia is a disease wherein an individual gorges on food or has normal scenes of indulging and feels lost control. The individual at that point utilizes various techniques â€, for example, retching or mishandling purgatives †to forestall weight gain. Many (yet not all) individuals with bulimia likewise have anorexia nervosa. The cleansing of food usuallyâ brings a liberating sensation. ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001381/) One type of a dietary issue is voraciously consuming food. Voraciously consuming food is a dietary issue where an individual eats an a lot bigger measure of food in a shorter timeframe than the person ordinarily would. During pigging out, the individual likewise feels lost control. A few reasons for voraciously consuming food incorporate qualities, for example, having close family members who additionally have a dietary problem. Sorrow or different feelings, for example, feeling agitated or pushed. Unfortunate consuming less calories, for example, not eating enough nutritious food or skipping suppers. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003749/) A few side effects of voraciously consuming food are, eating a lot of food in a brief period, for instance, like clockwork. An individual can't control gorging, for instance can't quit eating or control the measure of food. An individual may continue eating in any event, when full (pigging out) or until awkwardly full. Now and again an individual feels regretful, disturbed, embarrassed, or discouraged in the wake of eating to such an extent. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003749/) Some treatment should be possible for individuals with a pigging out issue. The objectives are to decrease and afterward have the option to stop the gorging occurrences. Have the option to get to and remain at a sound weight. Get treated for any enthusiastic issues, including beating emotions and overseeing circumstances that trigger pigging out. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003749/)

Complete Guide to Googles HEART Framework for Measuring the Quality of UX

Complete Guide to Googles HEART Framework for Measuring the Quality of UX AN INTRODUCTION TO USER EXPERIENCEUser Experience (UX) is a term that is used to refer to a deep understanding of the user’s or customer’s preferences, behaviors, values and their abilities. Through UX measurement, one can measure the attitudes and emotions of users regarding a certain product, service or a system. User experience includes the main aspects of the interaction between humans and the computer systems. This very concept helps businesses fathom the kind of experiences users have while using either the products or services or the website or any other web platform of the company. They can know the ease of usage, the perception of the value of the system as well as the efficiency in performing certain tasks.User experience or UX is continuously modified with respect to time and, for this reason, it is considered dynamic in nature. It changes with changes in circumstances and situations and is subjective in nature. In simple words, User experience can also be defined as h ow a person feels while using a system at a particular time. The system could be anything including a web application, a website, software or a hardware system. The overall purpose or aim of measuring UX is to improve the quality of the interaction of the users regarding a system.History of User experienceIt was in the 1990s that Donald Norman brought the term ‘User experience’ into wider knowledge. Earlier, this term was used to indicate a shift to take into account not just behavioral contexts but also affective factors. But even till date, several practitioners continue to research and evaluate these affective factors that are associated with end users or consumers. There have been many developments that have led to a rise in the interest in user experience since then and they are given as follows:Improvements and advances in social, mobile and tangible computer systems and technologies into several areas of activities of humans.Combination of interests of several stakeholder s in website designing too led to an increase in the interest levels. What happened was that those who were associated with branding and marketing needed to access the interactive part of this field in such a way that they could measure usability. But those who were concerned with website designing needed to consider branding, marketing as well as all the other aesthetical aspects. Thus, it was User Experience that offered a way to cover all these interests at the same time.MEASURING USER EXPERIENCEIf you are a business owner and own a website, then do you sometimes wonder why you have a lot of visitors on your website but not enough conversions? Have you ever given a thought to why the retention rate of visitors is low? Well, if you have these questions then only one thing can answer them accurately, and that is measuring the User Experience. Usability simply refers to the ease at which a user is when using a product or service offered by you and by measuring this, you can have ans wers to all your queries about the experience of the users. The following are some of the UX metrics that can help measure UX effectively.What are UX Metrics?UX metrics are a superb and powerful tool for measuring the performance of any system or product. UX metrics can be best used when they are combined with marketing metrics. UX metrics are slightly different than metrics that are used in marketing, finance or sales. The following are some of the most commonly used UX metrics:Usability One of the user experience metrics which proves useful and effective in measuring the customer’s opinions and preferences is the usability factor. This metric concentrates upon how easy is it for people or users to find what they are looking for and with how much ease can they accomplish what they aim to do. The following are some aspects of usability that UX teams are engaged in measuring in most of the cases:Time on task The time taken to complete a particular task or activity is one of the th ings that defines usability.Task success The success rate or nature of the task at hand is also one of the important aspects of overall usability.Confusion moment Usability also takes into account the number of moments of confusion that a user may face while performing a certain task.Cue recognition The ease of recognition of icons or cues too is measured when measuring usability.Menu/navigation use The ease of use of the navigation systems, drop-down menus and other menus too can be included.Engagement This is a highly crucial category of user metrics and is often considered the main aspect of overall user experience. UX teams spend a lot of time trying to figure out the nature of the interaction of engagement that users have with a system or site. The following are some of the factors that may be included in the broad category of engagement.Attention minutes The amount of attention that a user gives to a website is something that engagement may revolve around majorly.Happines s rating How good a user feels when using a system or website too is an important aspect covered in this category.Flow state The ease of flow from one block of information to another is the flow state and comes with engagement.Total time reading Total time spent on a website or particular portions of that website help to measure the level of engagement as well.Conversion Conversion is a crucial metric but is one that basically focuses only on that small percentage of users who seem interested in converting or have converted. For every business, it is important to know how many and how often do visitors convert into customers so that they can figure out the trends that are leading to this conversion and improve upon them further. The following are some of the factors that are encircled within this user metric.Conversion rate The exact rate of conversion is one of the most important factors included in this metric.Likelihood to recommend, or NPS Net promoter score (NPS) or the li kelihood of a user recommending a product or service to another user.Likelihood to take action This factor measures the chances that a consumer is about to take an action such as order a product, try a service, etc.USER PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORK A successful business isn’t one which is only concerned with selling products but is one which makes efforts to improve the sales by taking into account the users. Without the users or customers entering the picture, a business isn’t complete, and this is where the concept of User Experience (UX) comes into play.For each and every seller, business or organization, evaluation of consumer interest, preference, behavior, and emotions is highly important, and the concept of UX helps us measure these attributes. Through this article, we shall try and understand what user experience really is and how the HEART framework helps to measure the quality of UX. We will provide 1) a short introduction to user experience (UX), 2) how to measure user experience, and 3) user performance framework inclusing Googles HEART framework.AN INTRODUCTION TO USER EXPERIENCEUser Experience (UX) is a term that is used to refer to a deep understanding of the user’s or customer’s preferences, behaviors, values and their abilities. Through UX measurement, one can measure the attitudes and emotions of users regarding a certain product, service or a system. User experience includes the main aspects of the interaction between humans and the computer systems. This very concept helps businesses fathom the kind of experiences users have while using either the products or services or the website or any other web platform of the company. They can know the ease of usage, the perception of the value of the system as well as the efficiency in performing certain tasks.User experience or UX is continuously modified with respect to time and, for this reason, it is cons idered dynamic in nature. It changes with changes in circumstances and situations and is subjective in nature. In simple words, User experience can also be defined as how a person feels while using a system at a particular time. The system could be anything including a web application, a website, software or a hardware system. The overall purpose or aim of measuring UX is to improve the quality of the interaction of the users regarding a system.History of User experienceIt was in the 1990s that Donald Norman brought the term ‘User experience’ into wider knowledge. Earlier, this term was used to indicate a shift to take into account not just behavioral contexts but also affective factors. But even till date, several practitioners continue to research and evaluate these affective factors that are associated with end users or consumers. There have been many developments that have led to a rise in the interest in user experience since then and they are given as follows:Improvements and advances in social, mobile and tangible computer systems and technologies into several areas of activities of humans.Combination of interests of several stakeholders in website designing too led to an increase in the interest levels. What happened was that those who were associated with branding and marketing needed to access the interactive part of this field in such a way that they could measure usability. But those who were concerned with website designing needed to consider branding, marketing as well as all the other aesthetical aspects. Thus, it was User Experience that offered a way to cover all these interests at the same time.MEASURING USER EXPERIENCEIf you are a business owner and own a website, then do you sometimes wonder why you have a lot of visitors on your website but not enough conversions? Have you ever given a thought to why the retention rate of visitors is low? Well, if you have these questions then only one thing can answer them accurately, and that is meas uring the User Experience. Usability simply refers to the ease at which a user is when using a product or service offered by you and by measuring this, you can have answers to all your queries about the experience of the users. The following are some of the UX metrics that can help measure UX effectively.What are UX Metrics?UX metrics are a superb and powerful tool for measuring the performance of any system or product. UX metrics can be best used when they are combined with marketing metrics. UX metrics are slightly different than metrics that are used in marketing, finance or sales. The following are some of the most commonly used UX metrics:Usability One of the user experience metrics which proves useful and effective in measuring the customer’s opinions and preferences is the usability factor. This metric concentrates upon how easy is it for people or users to find what they are looking for and with how much ease can they accomplish what they aim to do. The following are some aspects of usability that UX teams are engaged in measuring in most of the cases:Time on task The time taken to complete a particular task or activity is one of the things that defines usability.Task success The success rate or nature of the task at hand is also one of the important aspects of overall usability.Confusion moment Usability also takes into account the number of moments of confusion that a user may face while performing a certain task.Cue recognition The ease of recognition of icons or cues too is measured when measuring usability.Menu/navigation use The ease of use of the navigation systems, drop-down menus and other menus too can be included.Engagement This is a highly crucial category of user metrics and is often considered the main aspect of overall user experience. UX teams spend a lot of time trying to figure out the nature of the interaction of engagement that users have with a system or site. The following are some of the factors that may be included in the broad category of engagement.Attention minutes The amount of attention that a user gives to a website is something that engagement may revolve around majorly.Happiness rating How good a user feels when using a system or website too is an important aspect covered in this category.Flow state The ease of flow from one block of information to another is the flow state and comes with engagement.Total time reading Total time spent on a website or particular portions of that website help to measure the level of engagement as well.Conversion Conversion is a crucial metric but is one that basically focuses only on that small percentage of users who seem interested in converting or have converted. For every business, it is important to know how many and how often do visitors convert into customers so that they can figure out the trends that are leading to this conversion and improve upon them further. The following are some of the factors that are encircled within this user metric.Conver sion rate The exact rate of conversion is one of the most important factors included in this metric.Likelihood to recommend, or NPS Net promoter score (NPS) or the likelihood of a user recommending a product or service to another user.Likelihood to take action This factor measures the chances that a consumer is about to take an action such as order a product, try a service, etc.USER PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORKDuring the process of website designing, one can evaluate and analyze the usability of a product or service and compare interfaces through A/B testing. But to pursue this, it is important to choose and use the correct metrics that can be selected on the basis of some useful methods. These methods must point out to the metrics that represent not just the quality of user experience but also the overall goals of a project or a product.Two parts of the framework:The quality of user experience (Googles HEART framework)The goals of project or product (The Goals-signals-metrics process)P art #1 Google’s Heart FrameworkGoogle’s HEART framework is a strong and powerful user-centric metric which can be used to evaluate and measure the advancements made towards the main objectives or product decisions. HEART Framework is put to use for defining the large scale metrics that can be both behavioral in nature as well as attitudinal. HEART can be applied not just to an entire system but also its individual elements. It stands for Happiness, Engagement, Adoption, Retention and Task Success. To know more about this framework introduced by Google, please read further.Happiness Happiness is the attribute that evaluates and measures the attitudes, behavior and emotions of the users or consumers. These points are collected by the means of user surveys, the net-promoter score as well as by using methods like perceived ease of use. These factors help to know whether or not users or consumers are happy and satisfied with the products or web systems and what their overall thought is regarding the same.Engagement Engagement is the term that is used to refer to the overall involvement of consumers with the website or product in question. The engagement levels are measured through behavioral tools like depth of interaction for a given period of time, intensity of interactions as well as the frequency of involvement. A good example to describe engagement on a social networking site could be the number of visits to the site per day.Adoption Adoption is the term that is used to describe how well or often is a new product, service or feature being adopted or utilized. It also measures how new consumers adopt to the service or product and when do they convert from being visitors to consumers. For example, adoption may measure the number of new user accounts created on an email website in a given period of time, say 7 days.Retention Retention is the rate at which the consumers, users or customers who already exist for a business are returning to purchase more ser vices or products. This can be understood as the number of users who continue to be customers of a company continuously for a given period of time. Most businesses focus on the retention rate besides concentrating on just the conversion rate because the number of users retained speaks volumes about the value of the product or service, effectiveness of the cost as well as efficiency of engagement efforts of the business. A good example of retention is the renewal rate for an antivirus program.Task success Task success is an integral factor that basically takes into account the traditional behavioral metrics of UX, which include the effectiveness of a particular task, efficiency of a task as well as the error rate observed. Task success attribute is more suitable for the task-focused parts of a product or service such as upload flow or search. For example, the time taken to upload a photo or the success rate of search results could refer to be task success attributes.Application of G oogles HEART framework to multiple levelsThe HEART Framework, as mentioned above doesn’t necessarily have to be applied to an entire system but can also be valid for individual levels. As an example, in Gmail, the HEART framework can either be applied to the whole product in general or can also be utilized for some crucial features like archiving and labels, etc. A lot of people wonder why use the factors like retention and adoption when it is easy to calculate the total number of users or customers. Of course it is important to know the total number of consumers or customers but at the same time, when adoption and retention are calculated, one can differentiate between the new customers as well as those who are returning back to use a product or service. This helps to fathom the speed of growth of the user base.The Googles HEART framework is helpful in letting you make a decision regarding what features are to be added and which ones need to be eliminated. By measuring user exper ience based on H-E-A-R-T, one can fathom whether it is the engagement levels that need focus or is it the adoption that needs to be worked upon and so on.Part #2 The Goals-Signals-Metrics ProcessWhen the Googles HEART framework is already utilized, how does one move ahead and apply and track the findings? Well, there obviously isn’t an automatic method that would do this task for you because the most useful metrics are mostly meant for a particular project or product. This is where the Goals-Signals-Metrics process comes into play. Let’s look into this metric process in detail:Goals â€" Rather than creating a long list of metrics that can be hard to list in a chronological order, it is better to come up with a small list of metrics that are useful. But to figure out this small list, one will need to start at a superior level and figure out the goals. This will help you to choose the metrics that can enable you to evaluate your progress on the road to success. However, it can be very difficult to articulate the goals of your project since every member of the team may have different ideas about it. For example, there may be different goals for the particular project as compared to goals for a particular feature.Signals â€" The next step within this metric is to map the already figured out goals to lower-level signals. You now need to figure out how the failure or the success of your goals will implement itself. For one particular goal, there may be a large number of signals which can be potentially very useful. In order to choose from those signals, you may need to conduct a proper research and analysis. Within this research, you may need to figure out which signal is the easiest to track, is the product aligned with the signal or can a product survey be deployed easily on a regular basis and so on. Also, the signal must be chosen in such a way that it should be sensitive to the various changes in the design.Metrics â€" After selection of the signals, they m ust be refined further into metrics. Metrics are the elements or items that you will be tracking over a given period of time in the A/B tests. When you come to this particular time, then the particulars will mainly depend upon the kind of infrastructure you have. But, here again, for a given signal, there can be many types of metrics possible and an analysis of data collected must be done to find out which metrics are the most suitable. By making use of percentages as well as averages, you will have to normalize the raw figures to come up with the more meaningful ones.The process of Goals-Signals-Metrics should enable you to come up with a prioritization of the metrics so that you can use the ones that are most effective and important first and then use the lesser important ones later. Only use those metrics that are related to your personalized goals and avoid wasting time on the ones that require extra implementation efforts.Which methods are you using for measuring your product a nd UX metrics? Did you use Googles HEART framework? If you did, what experiences did you have with it?

Complete Guide to Googles HEART Framework for Measuring the Quality of UX

Complete Guide to Googles HEART Framework for Measuring the Quality of UX AN INTRODUCTION TO USER EXPERIENCEUser Experience (UX) is a term that is used to refer to a deep understanding of the user’s or customer’s preferences, behaviors, values and their abilities. Through UX measurement, one can measure the attitudes and emotions of users regarding a certain product, service or a system. User experience includes the main aspects of the interaction between humans and the computer systems. This very concept helps businesses fathom the kind of experiences users have while using either the products or services or the website or any other web platform of the company. They can know the ease of usage, the perception of the value of the system as well as the efficiency in performing certain tasks.User experience or UX is continuously modified with respect to time and, for this reason, it is considered dynamic in nature. It changes with changes in circumstances and situations and is subjective in nature. In simple words, User experience can also be defined as h ow a person feels while using a system at a particular time. The system could be anything including a web application, a website, software or a hardware system. The overall purpose or aim of measuring UX is to improve the quality of the interaction of the users regarding a system.History of User experienceIt was in the 1990s that Donald Norman brought the term ‘User experience’ into wider knowledge. Earlier, this term was used to indicate a shift to take into account not just behavioral contexts but also affective factors. But even till date, several practitioners continue to research and evaluate these affective factors that are associated with end users or consumers. There have been many developments that have led to a rise in the interest in user experience since then and they are given as follows:Improvements and advances in social, mobile and tangible computer systems and technologies into several areas of activities of humans.Combination of interests of several stakeholder s in website designing too led to an increase in the interest levels. What happened was that those who were associated with branding and marketing needed to access the interactive part of this field in such a way that they could measure usability. But those who were concerned with website designing needed to consider branding, marketing as well as all the other aesthetical aspects. Thus, it was User Experience that offered a way to cover all these interests at the same time.MEASURING USER EXPERIENCEIf you are a business owner and own a website, then do you sometimes wonder why you have a lot of visitors on your website but not enough conversions? Have you ever given a thought to why the retention rate of visitors is low? Well, if you have these questions then only one thing can answer them accurately, and that is measuring the User Experience. Usability simply refers to the ease at which a user is when using a product or service offered by you and by measuring this, you can have ans wers to all your queries about the experience of the users. The following are some of the UX metrics that can help measure UX effectively.What are UX Metrics?UX metrics are a superb and powerful tool for measuring the performance of any system or product. UX metrics can be best used when they are combined with marketing metrics. UX metrics are slightly different than metrics that are used in marketing, finance or sales. The following are some of the most commonly used UX metrics:Usability One of the user experience metrics which proves useful and effective in measuring the customer’s opinions and preferences is the usability factor. This metric concentrates upon how easy is it for people or users to find what they are looking for and with how much ease can they accomplish what they aim to do. The following are some aspects of usability that UX teams are engaged in measuring in most of the cases:Time on task The time taken to complete a particular task or activity is one of the th ings that defines usability.Task success The success rate or nature of the task at hand is also one of the important aspects of overall usability.Confusion moment Usability also takes into account the number of moments of confusion that a user may face while performing a certain task.Cue recognition The ease of recognition of icons or cues too is measured when measuring usability.Menu/navigation use The ease of use of the navigation systems, drop-down menus and other menus too can be included.Engagement This is a highly crucial category of user metrics and is often considered the main aspect of overall user experience. UX teams spend a lot of time trying to figure out the nature of the interaction of engagement that users have with a system or site. The following are some of the factors that may be included in the broad category of engagement.Attention minutes The amount of attention that a user gives to a website is something that engagement may revolve around majorly.Happines s rating How good a user feels when using a system or website too is an important aspect covered in this category.Flow state The ease of flow from one block of information to another is the flow state and comes with engagement.Total time reading Total time spent on a website or particular portions of that website help to measure the level of engagement as well.Conversion Conversion is a crucial metric but is one that basically focuses only on that small percentage of users who seem interested in converting or have converted. For every business, it is important to know how many and how often do visitors convert into customers so that they can figure out the trends that are leading to this conversion and improve upon them further. The following are some of the factors that are encircled within this user metric.Conversion rate The exact rate of conversion is one of the most important factors included in this metric.Likelihood to recommend, or NPS Net promoter score (NPS) or the li kelihood of a user recommending a product or service to another user.Likelihood to take action This factor measures the chances that a consumer is about to take an action such as order a product, try a service, etc.USER PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORK A successful business isn’t one which is only concerned with selling products but is one which makes efforts to improve the sales by taking into account the users. Without the users or customers entering the picture, a business isn’t complete, and this is where the concept of User Experience (UX) comes into play.For each and every seller, business or organization, evaluation of consumer interest, preference, behavior, and emotions is highly important, and the concept of UX helps us measure these attributes. Through this article, we shall try and understand what user experience really is and how the HEART framework helps to measure the quality of UX. We will provide 1) a short introduction to user experience (UX), 2) how to measure user experience, and 3) user performance framework inclusing Googles HEART framework.AN INTRODUCTION TO USER EXPERIENCEUser Experience (UX) is a term that is used to refer to a deep understanding of the user’s or customer’s preferences, behaviors, values and their abilities. Through UX measurement, one can measure the attitudes and emotions of users regarding a certain product, service or a system. User experience includes the main aspects of the interaction between humans and the computer systems. This very concept helps businesses fathom the kind of experiences users have while using either the products or services or the website or any other web platform of the company. They can know the ease of usage, the perception of the value of the system as well as the efficiency in performing certain tasks.User experience or UX is continuously modified with respect to time and, for this reason, it is cons idered dynamic in nature. It changes with changes in circumstances and situations and is subjective in nature. In simple words, User experience can also be defined as how a person feels while using a system at a particular time. The system could be anything including a web application, a website, software or a hardware system. The overall purpose or aim of measuring UX is to improve the quality of the interaction of the users regarding a system.History of User experienceIt was in the 1990s that Donald Norman brought the term ‘User experience’ into wider knowledge. Earlier, this term was used to indicate a shift to take into account not just behavioral contexts but also affective factors. But even till date, several practitioners continue to research and evaluate these affective factors that are associated with end users or consumers. There have been many developments that have led to a rise in the interest in user experience since then and they are given as follows:Improvements and advances in social, mobile and tangible computer systems and technologies into several areas of activities of humans.Combination of interests of several stakeholders in website designing too led to an increase in the interest levels. What happened was that those who were associated with branding and marketing needed to access the interactive part of this field in such a way that they could measure usability. But those who were concerned with website designing needed to consider branding, marketing as well as all the other aesthetical aspects. Thus, it was User Experience that offered a way to cover all these interests at the same time.MEASURING USER EXPERIENCEIf you are a business owner and own a website, then do you sometimes wonder why you have a lot of visitors on your website but not enough conversions? Have you ever given a thought to why the retention rate of visitors is low? Well, if you have these questions then only one thing can answer them accurately, and that is meas uring the User Experience. Usability simply refers to the ease at which a user is when using a product or service offered by you and by measuring this, you can have answers to all your queries about the experience of the users. The following are some of the UX metrics that can help measure UX effectively.What are UX Metrics?UX metrics are a superb and powerful tool for measuring the performance of any system or product. UX metrics can be best used when they are combined with marketing metrics. UX metrics are slightly different than metrics that are used in marketing, finance or sales. The following are some of the most commonly used UX metrics:Usability One of the user experience metrics which proves useful and effective in measuring the customer’s opinions and preferences is the usability factor. This metric concentrates upon how easy is it for people or users to find what they are looking for and with how much ease can they accomplish what they aim to do. The following are some aspects of usability that UX teams are engaged in measuring in most of the cases:Time on task The time taken to complete a particular task or activity is one of the things that defines usability.Task success The success rate or nature of the task at hand is also one of the important aspects of overall usability.Confusion moment Usability also takes into account the number of moments of confusion that a user may face while performing a certain task.Cue recognition The ease of recognition of icons or cues too is measured when measuring usability.Menu/navigation use The ease of use of the navigation systems, drop-down menus and other menus too can be included.Engagement This is a highly crucial category of user metrics and is often considered the main aspect of overall user experience. UX teams spend a lot of time trying to figure out the nature of the interaction of engagement that users have with a system or site. The following are some of the factors that may be included in the broad category of engagement.Attention minutes The amount of attention that a user gives to a website is something that engagement may revolve around majorly.Happiness rating How good a user feels when using a system or website too is an important aspect covered in this category.Flow state The ease of flow from one block of information to another is the flow state and comes with engagement.Total time reading Total time spent on a website or particular portions of that website help to measure the level of engagement as well.Conversion Conversion is a crucial metric but is one that basically focuses only on that small percentage of users who seem interested in converting or have converted. For every business, it is important to know how many and how often do visitors convert into customers so that they can figure out the trends that are leading to this conversion and improve upon them further. The following are some of the factors that are encircled within this user metric.Conver sion rate The exact rate of conversion is one of the most important factors included in this metric.Likelihood to recommend, or NPS Net promoter score (NPS) or the likelihood of a user recommending a product or service to another user.Likelihood to take action This factor measures the chances that a consumer is about to take an action such as order a product, try a service, etc.USER PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORKDuring the process of website designing, one can evaluate and analyze the usability of a product or service and compare interfaces through A/B testing. But to pursue this, it is important to choose and use the correct metrics that can be selected on the basis of some useful methods. These methods must point out to the metrics that represent not just the quality of user experience but also the overall goals of a project or a product.Two parts of the framework:The quality of user experience (Googles HEART framework)The goals of project or product (The Goals-signals-metrics process)P art #1 Google’s Heart FrameworkGoogle’s HEART framework is a strong and powerful user-centric metric which can be used to evaluate and measure the advancements made towards the main objectives or product decisions. HEART Framework is put to use for defining the large scale metrics that can be both behavioral in nature as well as attitudinal. HEART can be applied not just to an entire system but also its individual elements. It stands for Happiness, Engagement, Adoption, Retention and Task Success. To know more about this framework introduced by Google, please read further.Happiness Happiness is the attribute that evaluates and measures the attitudes, behavior and emotions of the users or consumers. These points are collected by the means of user surveys, the net-promoter score as well as by using methods like perceived ease of use. These factors help to know whether or not users or consumers are happy and satisfied with the products or web systems and what their overall thought is regarding the same.Engagement Engagement is the term that is used to refer to the overall involvement of consumers with the website or product in question. The engagement levels are measured through behavioral tools like depth of interaction for a given period of time, intensity of interactions as well as the frequency of involvement. A good example to describe engagement on a social networking site could be the number of visits to the site per day.Adoption Adoption is the term that is used to describe how well or often is a new product, service or feature being adopted or utilized. It also measures how new consumers adopt to the service or product and when do they convert from being visitors to consumers. For example, adoption may measure the number of new user accounts created on an email website in a given period of time, say 7 days.Retention Retention is the rate at which the consumers, users or customers who already exist for a business are returning to purchase more ser vices or products. This can be understood as the number of users who continue to be customers of a company continuously for a given period of time. Most businesses focus on the retention rate besides concentrating on just the conversion rate because the number of users retained speaks volumes about the value of the product or service, effectiveness of the cost as well as efficiency of engagement efforts of the business. A good example of retention is the renewal rate for an antivirus program.Task success Task success is an integral factor that basically takes into account the traditional behavioral metrics of UX, which include the effectiveness of a particular task, efficiency of a task as well as the error rate observed. Task success attribute is more suitable for the task-focused parts of a product or service such as upload flow or search. For example, the time taken to upload a photo or the success rate of search results could refer to be task success attributes.Application of G oogles HEART framework to multiple levelsThe HEART Framework, as mentioned above doesn’t necessarily have to be applied to an entire system but can also be valid for individual levels. As an example, in Gmail, the HEART framework can either be applied to the whole product in general or can also be utilized for some crucial features like archiving and labels, etc. A lot of people wonder why use the factors like retention and adoption when it is easy to calculate the total number of users or customers. Of course it is important to know the total number of consumers or customers but at the same time, when adoption and retention are calculated, one can differentiate between the new customers as well as those who are returning back to use a product or service. This helps to fathom the speed of growth of the user base.The Googles HEART framework is helpful in letting you make a decision regarding what features are to be added and which ones need to be eliminated. By measuring user exper ience based on H-E-A-R-T, one can fathom whether it is the engagement levels that need focus or is it the adoption that needs to be worked upon and so on.Part #2 The Goals-Signals-Metrics ProcessWhen the Googles HEART framework is already utilized, how does one move ahead and apply and track the findings? Well, there obviously isn’t an automatic method that would do this task for you because the most useful metrics are mostly meant for a particular project or product. This is where the Goals-Signals-Metrics process comes into play. Let’s look into this metric process in detail:Goals â€" Rather than creating a long list of metrics that can be hard to list in a chronological order, it is better to come up with a small list of metrics that are useful. But to figure out this small list, one will need to start at a superior level and figure out the goals. This will help you to choose the metrics that can enable you to evaluate your progress on the road to success. However, it can be very difficult to articulate the goals of your project since every member of the team may have different ideas about it. For example, there may be different goals for the particular project as compared to goals for a particular feature.Signals â€" The next step within this metric is to map the already figured out goals to lower-level signals. You now need to figure out how the failure or the success of your goals will implement itself. For one particular goal, there may be a large number of signals which can be potentially very useful. In order to choose from those signals, you may need to conduct a proper research and analysis. Within this research, you may need to figure out which signal is the easiest to track, is the product aligned with the signal or can a product survey be deployed easily on a regular basis and so on. Also, the signal must be chosen in such a way that it should be sensitive to the various changes in the design.Metrics â€" After selection of the signals, they m ust be refined further into metrics. Metrics are the elements or items that you will be tracking over a given period of time in the A/B tests. When you come to this particular time, then the particulars will mainly depend upon the kind of infrastructure you have. But, here again, for a given signal, there can be many types of metrics possible and an analysis of data collected must be done to find out which metrics are the most suitable. By making use of percentages as well as averages, you will have to normalize the raw figures to come up with the more meaningful ones.The process of Goals-Signals-Metrics should enable you to come up with a prioritization of the metrics so that you can use the ones that are most effective and important first and then use the lesser important ones later. Only use those metrics that are related to your personalized goals and avoid wasting time on the ones that require extra implementation efforts.Which methods are you using for measuring your product a nd UX metrics? Did you use Googles HEART framework? If you did, what experiences did you have with it?

What Was the Role and History of Italy After World War Two - 550 Words

What Was the Role and History of Italy After World War Two and Through Cold War (Essay Sample) Content: Role and History of Italy after World War 2Name:Institution:Role and history of Italy after World War 2In the early years of the 20th century, Italy made a mistake by allowing the rise of fascism and rallying behind Benito Mussolini. The tyrant concentrated power in his government and turned the country into his own personal dictatorship. All in all, after the axis power was defeated and Mussolini died after the Second World War, Italy had an opportunity to move forward in a different way.After the war, the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s history was in the hands of the Christian democratic system for about four decades. During this time, the Italian Communist Party played the role of the main opposition. This was to go on until the Tangentopoli scandal, the Soviet Union crisis and mission Mani pulite. According to Maier (2015),Âthe three incidences helped form a major reformation within the Italian political system and electoral system that also included the closure of polit ical parties.Just after the war, the Italian society was mainly divided on the way forward. Some people thought that abolishing the monarchy and creating a republic was the way to go, while others wished to implement communism and socialism while nationalizing the northern industrial sectors. In June 1946, Italians voted in a referendum to do away with the monarchy. The royal family was chased away from Italy and banned from living anywhere within the borders of Italy (Maier, 2015).ÂA Constituent Assembly was elected in 1946; with its role being to draft the Italian constitution. This assembly drew up a constitution that created a bicameral parliamentary republic with separate executive and judiciary branches; with the executive being headed by a president who was elected by parliament. This new constitution was promulgated on the 1st of January 1948, setting the way for the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s first open parliamentary elections later that year, which was heavily influenced by A merica (Berger, 2012).During that time around the Italian elections, the United States was dishing a lot of money to Western Europe in a strategy referred to as the Marshal Plan. According to Berger (2012), America was hoping to rebuild the economies and infrastructure of Western Europe while curtailing the spread of communism from Eastern Europe. The Christian Democrats won almost half of the popular vote while also getting a majority in the parliament.With a western-leaning government in charge and American aid secured, Italy quickly became a European economic powerhouse in the 1950s and 1960s. When the war ended, the country was mainly a rural, agricultural-based society. With the influx of American money however, Italy quickly industrialized and got vital trading ...

Leadership, Management, And Management - 1330 Words

Leadership has an authority power above others that inspire and motivate creating cohesion between then, at the same time solvent problems inside the group making changes in the organisation. Management possesses a title that supports his decisions and works to achieve a goal that the organisation requires. The leadership is moved for inspiration and has more emotional input that managers, for example, when the team fails in any situation the leader give constructive feedback and suggestion to improve the performance, however, management has more cold or passive attitudes following a role towards goals having a less emotional relationship with others. The leaders do not always have a hierarchical position, they appear at all levels of the organisation. Management plans and investigates how to control situations while leaders create motivation around him and give support. Furthermore, managers wait until the problem appears to solvent it and leaders are proactive, sometimes challenging the status quo and the job description while managers follow it. Leaders was born for it; managers are formed for it (Appendix 1). Similarities Leadership and management work with people managing them to meet the goals and mission of the company, working under pressure and succeed in the role. They are charismatics and influence everyone around them increasing people skills set and talent. Both are getting others to follow them and they use the authority making decisions, theyShow MoreRelatedLeadership, Management And Management1081 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Management Businesses require some sort of hierarchy of power to be successful. They cannot operate on the basis that everyone has the same job level if they plan to make a profit. However, the individuals that are placed in the higher power positions fall into two categories, leaders and managers. Many would say these are the same thing, when in reality they are not. They are two different styles that are used when operating a business and using the right one at the right time isRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management876 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and Management Name Institutional Affiliation Leadership and Management The achievements of organizations depend on their management and the manner in which their leaders conduct several operations within the organization. It is worth mentioning that successful organizations attribute their positive impacts in the market and general employee-employer relation to the influence spearheaded by the management team (Hiriyappa, 2013). This paper narrows down to evaluateRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management1270 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and management are different. Leadership is the position a person holds as an administrative leader such as CEO-Chief Executive Officer. Management is the act of managing a business which consists of a body of people in positions of administrative authority. Business management consists of officers, directors and other people who have the authority of the business operation, organizations, duties, and work to be done. In management, emphasis is on delivering high quality products andRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management1606 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership and Management in Business Jachinder S. Mundi Business administration Okanagan College Abstract In this report â€Å"Leadership and Management† the author justifies his opinion on the importance of leadership and management qualities in daily life businesses, whether it is private or public. The author suggests that if an individual wants to become a good leader in any field ,then he/ she should work on qualities like relation building, health , compassion, verbal communication andRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management1383 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and management are different. Leadership is the position a person holds as an administrative leader such as CEO-Chief Executive Officer. Management is the act of managing a business which consists of a body of people in positions of administrative authority. Business management consists of officers, directors and other people who have authority of the business operation, organizations, duties, and work to be done. In management, emphasis is on delivering high quality products and servicesRead MoreLeadership , Management, And Management885 Words   |  4 Pages Leadership and Management Name Institutional Affiliation Leadership and Management The achievements of organizations depend on their management and the manner in which their leaders conduct several operations within the organization. It is worth mentioning that successful organizations attribute their positive impacts in the market and general employee-employer relation to the influence spearheaded by the management team (Hiriyappa, 2013). This paper narrowsRead MoreLeadership Vs. Management : Leadership And Management1550 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor of On Becoming a Leader: The Leadership Classic, is best known for, that addresses why there is a difference between Leadership versus Management (Murray, What is the Difference Between Management and Leadership?, 2009). 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Leadership : Management And Leadership1061 Words   |  5 PagesManagement vs. Leadership Introduction Presently many of us have learned that managers are primarily administrators who have learned to write business plans, utilize their resources and keep track of progress. We must learn that we are not limited by job title, and that means we can utilize our management skills in any position that we are in. We must also know that we can use our leadership skills in the same situations. On the other hand we have also learned that leaders are people who haveRead MoreManagement And Leadership : Leadership1023 Words   |  5 PagesManagement and Leadership In Leadership, Leadership, Leadership Are We All Chanting the Wrong Mantra, the authors says, â€Å"Leadership is simply management of higher level things† (McCormack, 2009, p.1) and that the leader manages the vision, people’s perception and their own behavior (p.1). McCormack continues his analysis by saying, â€Å"There are times when leadership simply cannot take place† (p.2). McCormack appears to believe that organizations and universities should not teach, encourage or tolerate

Historical Context of A Raisin in the Sun - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 625 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: A Raisin in the Sun Essay Did you like this example? A Raisin in the Sun is a drama that chronologically details the life experiences of the Younger family as they struggle with self identity, poverty, and segregation. Now, to fully understand the meaning behind the story, some background will be provided on the author, Lorraine Hansberry. At a young age, Lorraine Hansberry and her family were approached by a mob at their home. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Historical Context of A Raisin in the Sun" essay for you Create order They were being told that they were no longer welcome in that neighborhood, as the white neighborhood improvement association did not see them fit. They were then told that if they did not leave, they would remain in violation of the race restrictive covenant. The Hansberry family later took this matter to the Supreme Court in 1940 where the court ruled in their favor. However, the issue of the covenants being unconstitutional was not resolved until a later case of Shelly v. Kramer in 1948. The unraveling of these events were what sparked Hansberry to begin writing A Raisin in the Sun. The storyline of A Raisin in the Sun brought about many debatably sensitive topics. The most prevalent topic throughout the story would be the overarching theme of segregation. The play was set in the 1950s, a time during which there was a fight between assimilation and integration. The setting of Chicago did not have official segregation as the South did, but rather a social and economic division between whites and African-Americans. At the time, segregation was very prevalent in the South. Another controversial topic that arises within the story is that of abortion. The character Ruth in the story discusses possibly having an abortion, which at the time, was illegal in the United States and brought upon very rampant debates. When the play was first talked about being performed, many people had doubts about it doing well due to the fact that it was written, directed, and casted African-Americans. During the time, the primary demographics of those who went to see plays were among the caucasion descent. However, those people were proven wrong. The play had such an uproar in public appreciation that it was soon performed on Broadway. The play was also nominated for four Tony awards, one of which was for the best play and another which was for best director, which was Lloyd Richards, the first African American director. The film version was also nominated for numerous Golden Globe awards as well. There was also a musical version of the play called simply Raisin, which claimed a Tony award for the best musical in 1974. Though the play was thought to be one which would die off due to its controversial topics, the way in which each character can be empathized with is what set it apart. The audience was able to connect with the characters on a personal level. As we can conclude from the above information, Lorraine Hansberrys writing of A Raisin in the Sun was nothing short of predetermined. She went through the horrors of the mob, court cases, and segregation as she was growing up, which shaped her thought process revealed in A Raisin in the Sun. If she had not been exposed to those things, then her writing of the story may not have ever or occurred, or if it did, it may not have been as meaningful. She beautifully articulates the struggles of being an African-American in the 1950s, while portraying it tenderly through characters that everyone can relate to. The title encapsulates the entire theme, once spoken by Langston Hughes, a dream that awaits too long withers away like a raisin drying up in the sun. Hansberry had a vision of bringing awareness to her unfortunate circumstances, and to ensure that they did not go unnoticed, she wrote A Raisin in the Sun.

The Law Enforcement And Safe Neighborhoods Act Essay

Brief for Respondent: In the case, Arizona versus United States, I am representing the respondent, United States, where we are seeking to stop the enforcement of S.B. 1070 in the federal district court before the law can be taken into effect. S.B. 1070, also known as Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, was passed in the state of Arizona in 2010 as an effort to address the large numbers of unlawful immigrants entering the state. The United States seeks to declare S.B. 1070 as preempted by the federal immigration law, where the four provisions of S.B. 1070, Section 3, Section 5, Section 6 and Section 2(B) violated the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution. Relevant Constitutional Provision: In our defense, we will be utilizing Article 1, Section 8, clause 4 of the United States Constitution which establishes a uniform rule of Naturalization. It states that only Congress has the exclusive authority control over immigration and establishing new regulations that would allow individuals to become naturalized citizens of the United States of America and not the states. Section 9, clause 2 will also come into play in relation to Section 6 of S.B. 1070, in which the privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus cannot not be suspended. It solidifies the notion that an individual cannot be incarcerated without facing legitimate charges—indefinite imprisonment is not allowed without legal due process. The Equal Protection Clause, which is part of theShow MoreRelatedThe Law Enforcement And Safe Neighborhoods Act1222 Words   |  5 PagesProblem Arizona SB 1070 also known as the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, was signed into law April 2010 as an attempt to regulate immigration at the state level. This bill was passed to support the Legal Arizona Worker Act (LAWA), passed in July 2007. S.B 1070 and LAWA’s main objectives were to drive unauthorized workers from Arizona. Proponents of the bills argued this would provide an abundance of employment room for U.S born citizens. While the bills succeeded in drivingRead MoreSupport Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhood Act1560 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 23rd of April 2010, Governor Jan Brewer signed the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, also known as, the Arizona SB 1070. The law is aimed at addressing the essential problem of illegal immigration within the United States, particularly within Arizona. The legislative act sparked much national controversy before, as well as after the act’s signing. The law Arizona law adde d on to preexisting U.S. federal law that requires all aliens over the age of 14, who remain in the UnitedRead MoreOur Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act Analysis1005 Words   |  5 Pagessigned the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (SOLESNA), or Arizona Senate Bill 1070 (S.B. 1070, as it is popularly known). The purpose of the act is â€Å"... to discourage and deter the unlawful entry and presence of aliens and economic activity by persons unlawfully present in the United States† (Senate Bill 1070, 2010). Arizona Senate Bill 1070 is considered one of the harshest anti-immigration law due to it’s enforcements. Nevertheless, it is not the first law of it’s kind. GeographicallyRead MoreThe Immigration Law Enforcement And Safe Neighborhoods Act ( Arizona Senate Bill 1070 )3640 Words   |  15 Pagesharshest immigration law in history. Astonishingly, this law wasn t formed by our Federal Government, but by the Arizona State Senate in hopes of curtailing the ever growing population of illegal immigrants who are smuggled into the United States, come legally and overstay their visa, or come in hope of a better life. This writing will investigate the social construction and the circumstances that lead to atrocity surrounding the initiation of a long list of Arizona immigration laws. Secondly, theRead MoreGun Violence Crimes966 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Law Enforcement to enforce a solution to prevent violent, brutal crimes from occurring. Both Federal and local Law Enforcement must work together to promote a solution for reducing gun violence. Back in Bush’s first term as President it was significant for Bush’s administration to create a project to â€Å"get the message out there† about deterrence and the increasing number of crimes committed through the use of guns. Bush’s administration came up with the project known as the Project Safe NeighborhoodsRead MoreProject Safe Neighborh oods1007 Words   |  5 PagesDue to the high rate of crimes committed throughout big cities by gun violence, it is essential for Law Enforcement to enforce a solution to prevent violent, brutal crimes from occurring. Both Federal and local Law Enforcement must work together to promote a solution for reducing gun violence. Back in Bush’s first term as President it was significant for the Bush administration to create a project to â€Å"get the message out there† about deterrence and the increasing number of crimes committed throughRead MoreChicago Alternative Policing Strategy1096 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategy to help law enforcement officials control and deter crime; however, some areas across the United States has had problems in the past with communities and law enforcement working together to ensure a secure and safe environment. Although it is an officer’s duty to maintain order, keep the peace, and solve problems within the area he or she is patrolling , it is also necessary for the people of the community to come together to help prevent crime. Everyone wants to feel safe in his or her placeRead MoreCrime Prevention Programs Help Protect And Deter Crime Within Neighborhoods1219 Words   |  5 Pagesprevention programs help to prevent and deter crime within neighborhoods by getting the neighbors involved. Neighborhood watches use residents within a neighborhood to look out for suspicious activity/ issues then report them to police before any crime occurs. Using this method potentially deters crime and offenders from committing more crimes. A neighborhood watch can consist of a block watch, community watch, home watch and citizen alert. Neighborhood crime prevention programs arose because of the needRead MoreNeighborhood Watch1074 Words   |  5 PagesNeighborhood Watch: Let’s Partner with Law Enforcement: Let’s Be Vigilant: Let’s Legislate! By: Shelly Ray Date: 07/15/13 Over the weekend, the nation watched and listened as the â€Å"Not Guilty† verdict was read for second degree murder and manslaughter charges in the case of George Zimmerman. Mr. Zimmerman is the 29 year old neighborhood watchman man and man who fired the fatal shot of 17 year old Trayvon Martin on the evening of February 26, 2012 in Sanford, Florida. The subject I will bringRead MoreSurveillance Cameras Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesSurveillance Cameras How are kids safe at night? Do they roam the streets without adult supervision? Are drug dealers taking over the streets? Are drivers nervous of everyone else’s bad driving habits? Although some believe law enforcement cameras invade privacy and disrupt everyday lives, cameras help keep citizens safe. â€Å"Police departments across Great Britain credit cameras with dramatic crime reduction, citing such impressive results as 75 percent drop in Airdrie, Scotland, a 68 percent reduction

Child Abuse in Flannery O’Connors Short Story “The River

Child abuse is something that is very apparent in the world but is something that people find awkward to talk about Flannery O’Connors short story â€Å"The River† talks about a young boy Harry who isn’t taken care of very well and has a hard life. Throughout the story it is presented that Harry’s parents are unfit, he is neglegted at home, and everything is joke to the family. Harry’s parents don’t really know how to raise a child. The spend their days partying and drinking. When the sitter first arrived to pick Harry up, his father was almost pushing him out the door, because he wanted to sleep later. His father handed Harry over to the sitter, barely dressed in clothes that were way to big for him, and not even a thought of feeding him breakfast. He has no real diet and the food that he eats he just finds food around the house, and whatever looks good he eats. When Harry came home that night he had to figure out his own dinner, and whe n he checked the fridge it was full of old, shriveled up fruit and vegtables, cheese, some old fish, and a pork bone. Nothing in the fridge Harry could eat, so he settled for the two end pieces of raisin break, and a half of a jar of peanut butter, and a large glass of choclate milk. Harry’s mother is an alcoholic, and the morning when the sitter picked Harry up she hadn’t gotten out of bed so the sitter took that to mean she was sick, when in reality it was just hungover. During the baptism Harry reveals the truth about his mother andShow MoreRelatedA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor And Women Hollering Creek By Sandra Cisneros995 Words   |  4 Pagescome across a crisis or it will be an escape from a struggle or an external conflict. In the two short stories, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† by Flannery O’Connor and â€Å"Women Hollering Creek† by Sandra Cisneros, the protagonists are faced with similar crisis of limitations. On the contrary, â€Å"The Swimmer† by John Cheever describes the protagonist to be someone that has no limitations, which led him to abuse his freedom. Although these three tales show differences they do show a similarity in their ignorance

Capitalist system Free Essays

Individuals and businesses own most of the natural and capital resources. These are the factories, farms, machinery, land, minerals, and other resources used to produce goods. Individuals and businesses also buy and sell goods freely. We will write a custom essay sample on Capitalist system or any similar topic only for you Order Now Goods are distributed through the market of buyers and sellers. Capitalism is the economic system in the United States. Socialism is another type of economic system. In a socialist system, the people, through their government, own many of the resources and manage the economy. Representatives of the people decide what to produce and how much. The government then plans how to carry out these decisions. The government also distributes most goods and services, especially with regard to housing, food, medicine, and other basic necessities. Many nations today engage in limited socialist programs, such as socialized medical or education systems. However, only a few nations can be said to operate entirely under socialist principals. Command economy In a command economy, the government owns nearly everything that is used to produce goods. Government planners, rather than the people, make the decisions about what to produce and how to distribute it. North Korea is an example of a country with a command economy. Mixed economy individuals, businesses, and the government own some parts of the economy. All of these groups play a role in making economic decisions about what to produce and how to distribute it. Russia was once part of the former Soviet Union, which had a command economy. Russia now has a mixed economy. Communism: Government ownership of productive resources, and a one-party state to enforce decisions. The level of public ownership is usually higher than in socialism. It is even less efficient and even more equalitarian (although under communism, some folks appear to be more equal than others. Dictators and high party officials usually appear to live better than do common citizens). Fascism: Fascism claims to be capitalist, but as the state is not democratic, there’s little popular control over anything. The state (usually, some dictator or group of dictators) tends to reward its friends and punish its enemies, which leads both to oppression and an inefficient economy. (The firm that kicks back the most money to the government is the firm that survives and makes a profit, but it isn’t very often the firm that produces the best products at the lowest price. ) Both inefficient and unequal, this seems to represent the worst of all possible worlds. How to cite Capitalist system, Papers

Retail Sectors Oil and Gas

Question: Demonstrate the ability to analyse the factors affecting the present size and structure of the current oil and gas retail sectors and the impact of the rising price of oil. Answer: Introduction: Petroleum industry plays a very important role in the proper functioning of the economy. The UK retail market of the petroleum industry has about more the 200 companies that are into production, distribution, refining and marketing of the products. The filling stations selling fuels are covered under the retail market aspect. A major shakeout has taken place in the retail sector in the past twenty-five years, and this has led to the reduction in the filling stations from 18000 to 8591 by the end of the year 2014. There is competitiveness among the retail firms who only concentrate on the large volumes in the sites having shops and modern facilities. Factors affecting the current structure of the uks retail industry: The factors that are seen to affect the UKs retail industry are grouped under four crucial areas. The information is collected from the consumers, competitors, suppliers and government who affects the petrol filling business. Needs of Consumers: Price and convenience are the two important factors that a consumer considers while choosing PFS. By convenience, we mean the nearest location to the consumers. It is seen that a few customers are willing to travel to get fuel at a cheaper rate. The situation of the customers will lead to the extent to which the factors can have an influence on them (Andrews and Gateley, 2015). With more PFS availability, the focus of the consumers is seen to move towards price. A location gets more crucial for the customers when there are lesser options of PFS during their time of driving. A market survey conducted in UK in 2012, where about 1000 consumers over the age of sixteen have more focus on the price now than they had in the previous year. A question was also asked on the conveniences of filling fuel. The percentages of people agreeing to the statement that they look out for the convenient location to shopping for fuel rather than shopping around for lesser priced fuels w as low in 2012 (Van Vactor, 2010). This shows that the consumers mainly think about the price of the fuel, and they can take a step to search for cheaper oils in their nearest locations. The result when surveyed varied in Wales, East Anglia and Britain (Evans, 2007). A survey on the motorist in Ireland was conducted by the Consumer Council where the result showed that the 82 percentages respondents changed their driving behaviour due to the fuel price increase. They also said that they are always searching for the best price in fuel. The consumers also consider the other privileges that are offered by the PFS. These benefits are shopping, loyalty card offering and car wash facility. Bond with the fuel suppliers: Fuel to the PFS retailers are supplied by the fuel suppliers who are independent and oil company supply divisions (Falola and Genova, 2005). The relation with the suppliers if fuel is important it shows what prices the PFS retailers pay for the petroleum products. The price is paid in terms of Platts Plus. This means a global yardstick of prices is published daily for the petroleum product that is quoted in the terms of the US dollars. The charges that are taken extra by the suppliers of fuel over the quoted price are described as the plus element. Competition Levels: The consumers are getting more sensitive to prices even though the customers hold d some brand loyalty. Price competition is generally affected by the following factors: 1. The time and distance that is needed to arrive at the alternative PFS. 2. The size and the number of the PFS in a particular geographical area. 3. The various companies that operate the PFS in a particular geographical area. The reason for the increase in the competitive prices is due to the growth of the hypermarket in the petroleum retail market of UK. This has led to a fierce competition among the owners of PFS with the ones who are operating the hypermarkets. The PFS owners they need to face the hypermarkets basis retail prices (Giannakidis et al., n.d.). This has led to the gross margins to reduce. The gross margins have reduced, which is a percentage of the retail price over the fifteen years for the dealers who are independent. Regulations and Government policies: The business of the PFS is also affected by the government regulation and policies. It also helps in the investment and behavioural needs. The drivers related to the government can be classified into fiscal drivers, standards of safety and environmental policies and regulation. The fiscal drivers are the taxes like fuel duty, rates in business and corporation taxes that affects the business of PFS. The business rates are assessed on a five-year basis by the Valuation Office Agency. The assessment by the VOA is based on the performance of the PFS The final prices of retails accounts for 60 percentages of VAT and fuel duty. impact of rising oil prices on uks retail petroleum industry: The global economic performance is significantly dependent on the prices of fuel. There is a shift in the terms of trade, and also there is a transfer of income from the oil importing country to the oil exporting country (Aderoju, 2015). Oil prices increase in also affected by the increase in the prices of gas. The macroeconomic influence is affected with the rise in the prices of oil. Due to higher earnings from exports the oil exporting nations are facing a rise in the real income (Powering the UK The role of the power and gas sector in the wider economy, 2015). There is a negative impact on the importing countries of oil with the oil price increase. To keep their local economy running, they need more energy supplies. The increased oil prices have led to the increase in the production. This also caused the product prices to increase (PwC, 2015). Inflation happens to make the consumers life tougher around the world. The emerging economies are affected severely due to flat wages and the accelerated rate of spending. The national statistics of UK has shown the factory gate prices of UK increased to the highest levels during November 2009 due high oil prices. During this year, inflation rose for the month of November to January and value added tax was at 17.5 percentages during the month of February (Haerens, 2010) . The Bank of England predicted that pressures of inflation would occur more promptly. To stimulate the growth of the economy, the government reduced the value added taxes by 15 percentages. The rise in oil prices led to decrease in the exports of oil by the UK retail petroleum sector. The first quarter of 2010 saw an increase in the prices of oil from 80 dollars to 90 dollars. The major recessions in the countries like United States, United Kingdom and Europe is mainly due to the rises in the crude oil prices (Maugeri, 2006). Potential of technological change in the recent decade: The oil industrys future depends on the perpetual technological improvement. The international oil industries are also not in a position to accept the new technology. The 3D seismic mapping was used by the Exxon Company in the year 1967 for the exploration process. This was extremely dependent on the power of computing and cost reduction outside the industry. The seismic surveys were seen as a common practice in the United States and the Gulf of Mexico (McCage, 2007). There was a dramatic improvement in the productivity due to horizontal drilling. This drilling process was only due to the controllable steering from the surface and technology in evaluating the characteristic of a reservoir during the time of drilling. This technology can be beneficial for increasing the production of petroleum fuel. The technology of fracturing has also played a remarkable effect. This can be a potential technology in the future. The fracturing technology has a long history. It was experimented first by Amoco on reservoir basis. The Barnett shale with the help of the government support initiated the fracturing via horizontal wells. The slow adoption of technology may also result due to risk aversion on applying it to large projects (Nakaya, 2006) . The other factors that lead to slow penetration of technology were depletion of fields, economics and management practices of reservoirs. Before the application of any technology, a proper research and development are required. The small companies are seen to have a more aggressive approach. This was clear with the Mitchell Energy role in the development of hydro racking in shale gas. The government of the country should support development and research on the exploration of oil and gas of United Kingdom. As new exploration remains unsuccessful with the diffusion of new technology the budget for research has also lessened (Oilandgasinnovation.com, 2015). The immediate effect of this was the increase in the oil prices. The leading oil companies established their centres of research linked to their core business in an area with technical specialities (OFFSHORE OIL GAS SECTOR STRATEGY, 2015). In case of venture investment, a fraction of it is devoted to energy technology and among this hydro carbon related technology accounts for a small portion. Some money is also spent on the minerals and mining industry for supporting it. The mineral company that comes in mind is the Simbol Materials that produces lithium. The petroleum retailers can install the Smart Pos systems developed by petro soft that was designed to make the process of transaction more efficient. The features include electronic journal, drawers for cash with a drawl; the data can be accessed and processed online in the system. There is also demo for the first time users of the system. The qwickserve software by Petro soft is an innovative hardware technology used in the food services industry. These systems are also used in the UKs retail petroleum industrys food division. This helps in accuracy and a worthwhile experience for the retailers and the customers. The features that the software holds are self-services ordering, management of menu and recipe, customization of a menu, reporting, etc. The benefits the retailer is going to have after the installation is customer empowerment, increased up selling opportunities, expanding promotional opportunities, reduces errors due to entry of data, data entry time is reduced, improved menu pricing accuracy and helps increase in inventory. The C- store office feature of Petro soft will help in the management of inventory of the multi-store and single retail operators. The future proofing f the oil industry: Preparation is to be made by the industry to face the critical and uncertainties of the industry. More the 66 percentages of the company are seen to benefit from the oil field pilots that are digital, the improved performance and cost reduced the benefit. The security of people, the physical data is already seen to realise. Effective leadership, a good culture of business and adopting the right technologies such as cloud and wireless is required to future proof the digital oilfield technologies. The risks can be mitigated with management of the complex big data (Oil and Gas UK -the voice of the offshore industry, 2015). The functions in the oilfield are seen to achieve rapid advancement through the digital technologies. The work forces are better connected with the wireless systems. More than 75 percentages of the company are using this technology (study-of-the-uk-petroleum-retail-market, 2015). The workers working isolated areas are given mobile devices that have location-enabled fe atures. There is a clear case of adoption of digital technology in the oil fields in the remote of places. The organization that has adopted technological changes has experienced reduction in costs, better management process and smoother flow of information. There may arise a further investment of 360 million dollar in technologies related to the oil fields in the coming years. This is indicated by the projections in the industry. Conclusion: The UKs oil retail industry is seen booming in recent times. Due to the uncertainties in the global prices of oil, the oil industry will have some effect. If the industries adopt technology, the exploration of oil and gas becomes more convenient and comfortable. The factors that are affecting the structure of the industry must be analyzed in detail. As the needs of the consumers affect the sale of fuel so their decisions are to be taken into consideration by the retailers. Government policies and the tax structure of the country can also have a significant effect on the exploration oil. References Aderoju, A. (2015). TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY: A CONSIDERATION OF THE NODAL SEISMIC SYSTEM. Hamburg: Anchor Academic Publishing. Andrews, M. and Gateley, J. (2015). Savills UK | Oil and Gas. [online] Savills.co.uk. Available at: https://www.savills.co.uk/sectors/energy/oil-and-gas.aspx [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Evans, R. (2007). Fueling our future. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Falola, T. and Genova, A. (2005). The politics of the global oil industry. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Giannakidis, G., Labriet, M., OÃÅ'  GallachoÃÅ' ir, B. and Tosato, G. (n.d.). Informing energy and climate policies using energy systems models. Haerens, M. (2010). Oil. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Greenhaven Press/Gale, Cengage Learning. Maugeri, L. (2006). The age of oil. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers. McCage, C. (2007). Oil. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. Nakaya, A. (2006). Oil. Detroit .: Greenhaven Press. OFFSHORE OIL GAS SECTOR STRATEGY. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/offshore-oil-and-gas.pdf [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Oil and Gas UK -the voice of the offshore industry. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.oilandgasuk.co.uk/cmsfiles/modules/publications/pdfs/EC030.pdf [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Oilandgasinnovation.com, (2015). Oil And Gas Innovation Center Oil Gas Innovation Center. [online] Available at: https://oilandgasinnovation.com/home/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Powering the UK The role of the power and gas sector in the wider economy. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Powering_the_UK/$FILE/Powering_the_UK.pdf [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. PwC, (2015). Gateway to growth: innovation in the oil and gas industry. [online] Available at: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/oil-gas-energy/publications/gateway-to-growth-innovation-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry.jhtml [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. study-of-the-uk-petroleum-retail-market. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69760/7322-study-of-the-uk-petroleum-retail-market.pdf [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Van Vactor, S. (2010). Introduction to the global oil gas business. Tulsa, Okla.: PennWell Corp.

Principal of Financial Markets Global Market Dynamic Trends

Question: Describe about the Principal of Financial Markets for Global Market Dynamic Trends. Answer: Introduction Airlines sector is one of the fastest growing industries in the Australian continent, in this paper the various analysis will present the detailed outlook of the opportunities in this sector. The global market is very dynamic, the trends in the market are always changing, and it requires the companies to keep their policies to match to the trends of the market. Top-down analysis is widely used to formulate strategies that can counter the challenges in the market. Investors prefer to analyse the global trends in the market along with the economic trends to predict the performance of the company in the market. The challenges in the market require developing new strategies to make the company stable to face the new trends in the market. In the present analysis, the researcher has tried to provide remedial measures to the economical trends of the global airlines market (Afonso and Sousa, 2012). To provide a detailed analysis a comparison is made between the Virgin Airlines one of the top competitors that is looking to set itself up the trends in the Australian airlines market. The bottom-up approach presents a comparative analysis of the two giants that has been trying to exploit the opportunities in the market. Financial data has been used to make the analysis more detailed and authentic suggesting the need for the changes in the policies that can help in establishing a better market position. Justifications are provided based on the analysis that will guide the investors to choose the company that has shown the chances of improvement and profitability in the Australian airlines market (Altman et al. 2012). Top- down analysis The airlines industry has faced various challenges in the recent time due to the rising costs that can make the businesses can run at loss. The various challenges in the airlines industry is explained by the SWOT analysis and other analysis can help in the proper analysis of the airlines business in Australia. The rising fuel costs and other costs have made the business to run and face the challenges in the economy. The micro economic factors influence the various business trends to improve the business to settle in the market. In recent time, the Qantas Airlines has seen growth in the recent time as the fuel prices have seen decline (Armstrong et al. 2016). This has led to the growth in the business of these airlines in the global market. Economic factors have made the airlines businesses like the Qantas and Virgin Blue to try to regain the market. It is the strengths of the basic policies that has made the businesses to face the challenges in the market and function smoothly. The e conomic and the environmental factors has influenced the functioning of the businesses in the global airlines market. The various macro economic factors influence the growth of the business in the global market and influence better economic growth of the business (Biddle, 2015). Economic Environment of Airlines industry The political issues influenced the business operations of the airlines business in the continent of Australia. The excessive interference from the government and the political unrest did hamper the working of these firms in the global airlines sector. The environmental factors largely affect the functioning of the airlines in the aviation industry. In the declining economic conditions in the aviation sector suffered loss of faith of the customers. The customers were faced with the problems of rise in the prices of the air tickets and other services of the airlines. However, the declining business of the aviation made the government to jump into action to prevent this issue from causing impact to the economy. The later interventions of the government and the authorities have resulted in the control of the high rising prices (Bilotkach and Lakew, 2014). Every airline has to follow strict set of rules and regulations in the country of its operations to make their business flourish in the challenging environment. Various other trade barriers like stiff competition and other environmental factors had influenced the business of the airlines in the country. Trade barriers breakdown has made the aviation businesses like the Qantas and the Virgin Blue to get relief from the restrictions and provide better services to the customers at comparative rates. To attain the major share of the market these airlines had to lower down their ticket pricing and follow a policy of cost cutting to prevent the customers from shifting away from the brands (Blankespoor et al. 2013). In addition to this, they have social responsibility tom follow that can make the airlines to have a better business in the competitive market. In addition to this, international regulations and policies have made the industry to rethink the policies that can help them achieve the business growth and help min strengthening the economy. The conditions prevailing in the continent of Australia seems favourable for the growth of the industry as the international market seems to be positive and there is no such present threats of any disturbance globally. The air travellers in the country of Autralia have seen a rise in the recent time leading to the growth of business among the business class. International trips have also seen a high trend more to Europe and Asia that has made the airlines business am blooming sector in the recent years (Bonner et al. 2013). The positive environment for the growth and success of the business has made the companies to experience in the growth of business and profitability with support of the local authorities and government. Not only Australia but all over the world there has been a major downfall of the economies that has affected the business of the airlines largely on global scale. These falling economies have affected the spending power of the individuals and thus the air travellers have been declining. To make the situation worse there has been many issue related to the safety of air travels and environmental issues that the companies had to face hindering the growth of this sector in the country. The rising fuel prices in late 19th and early 20th had affected the airline business drastically (Borenstein and Rose, 2014). However, this issue has been tackled in the present time, although the rising fuel prices have been an issue for concern. Operational cost has been another area that affected the airlines sector, as the cost of operations had gone high making the businesses to loose profit or impose higher fares that can affect the customer number. These factors together made the aviation industry s uffer to establish itself in the market. Skilled workers are a necessity of the airlines sector and it had affected the businesses largely. The shortage of the skilled workers in the country forced the companies to look for alternatives to get skilled workers from other countries. This made the companies to invest huge money on the skilled workers and the employment condition had an adverse affect in the country. The overall decline of the economy had a huge impact making it hard for the companies to survive the negative conditions in the market (Bown and Crowley, 2014). Service quality is the major area that is to be kept in mind by every airlines business to make the customers return to the company. Providing the better services has been the main motive of the aviation industry in the present times as the customer now have access to the information readily and they can easily com pare prices before selecting an airlines (Chen and Chen, 2012). Being the top airlines in Australia, it is then duty of these companies to provide the customers the best possible service at prices that can be competitive to the others in the industry. This forced the airlines to adapt to a strategy of customer centric approach that can help the airlines to achieve operational advantage in the business environment. The spreading of the businesses and the falling trade barriers has made the business to step outside the boundaries of the country and make the profit out of the rising opportunities in the market (Brueckner and Picard, 2013). International business growth has ma de the people of Australia to travel to other places making the airlines to use this opportunity to make the customers choose the flights providing attractive discounts and facilities to the business people. The competition in the aviation industry is rising steeply and it requires for the airline giants to develop policies that can help them carter to more customers and gain the trust of the customers. Technological advancement calls for improvement in the policies and processes of the companies so that it can cut down its costs and provide cost effective services to the customers (Fenna, 2013). Many new airlines are trying top get the customers to choose them by providing huge discounts and attractive packages that can make the customers to choose them, over the airlines giants like the Qantas and the Virgin Blue. As the competition is fierce it requires for these companies to try and adapt to new policies apart from trying to use their brand name, as customers today are looking for better value for their money apart from only brand name (Corsetti et al. 2013). The previous year that is 2015 had seen some major shift in the businesses in the aviation sector as being the year that saw huge rise in the demand for air tickets (Brueckner et al. 2015). This rise was largely due to the falling ticket prices due to the competition in the market. The fall in prices of the services made, the people top choose the airlines above the other available options. The fall in the prices also made the middle class of the country to have the opportunity to use these services and help in the promotion of the companies in the aviation industry. This has been evident from the rise in the performance of the aviation sector in the recent analysis of the economic growth in the country (Gregory and Smith, 2016). The positive economic growth has made the companies to have the chance to makes the use of the opportunities and make the business profitable for the business. Bottom- up analysis The micro economic factor analysis has largely helped the companies to provide the best services to the customers. The strengths of the industry have made them to face the challenges in the market and come out as successful in the end through the difficult economic conditions in the country. The major issue was the falling economies and the rising competition in the market (Herndon, Ash and Pollin, 2014). The rise in the competition has made the firm to rethink its policies to prevent the customers from shifting to the other alternatives. The opportunities in the market are to be explored by the firm and used to get the benefits of the market to increase their business. Aviation is comparatively large industry that requires proper analysis and planning over the business operations. SWOT analysis help sin analysing the strengths of the company and plan for the future threats in the market that the companies will need to overcome to survive in the market (Lawton, Rajwani and Doh, 2013) . The two airlines in the context are the Qantas and the Virgin Blue, financial analysis of these companies makes the different contexts that are helpful in determining the operational efficiency of these businesses. Financial Ratios and Growth Profitability of Qantas Airways Ltd Key Ratios - Profitability Years 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Margins % of Sales Gross Margin 73.77 56.83 55.77 55.24 55.62 51.72 54.6 49.83 54.01 Operating Margin 6.9 5.83 1.39 -1.55 -0.63 -6.6 1.28 -26.19 4.92 Profitability Asset Turnover (Average) 0.78 0.8 0.73 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.77 0.81 0.89 Return on Assets % 3.71 4.93 0.59 0.56 1.23 -1.17 0.02 -15.16 3.2 Liquidity/Financial Health Current Ratio 0.87 0.74 0.89 0.93 0.9 0.77 0.82 0.66 0.68 Quick Ratio 0.82 0.67 0.78 0.81 0.78 0.65 0.7 0.58 0.6 Financial Leverage 3.17 3.44 3.5 3.35 3.39 3.6 3.4 6.05 5.09 Debt/Equity 0.68 0.62 0.86 0.86 0.89 0.92 0.88 1.84 1.39 Efficiency Receivables Turnover 11.64 11.2 11.69 12.43 13.59 13.95 12.49 11.52 14.41 Inventory Turnover 15.45 34.34 27.64 20.94 18.45 19.25 19.51 22.33 22.36 Fixed Assets Turnover 1.23 1.28 1.19 1.08 1.1 1.07 1.14 1.25 1.46 Asset Turnover 0.78 0.8 0.73 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.77 0.81 0.89 The financial data of Qantas Airlines over the years shows a trend of improvement in the business as propelled by the growth of the economy in the present times. The gross margin of the company has seen a rise in the present times compared to the past years. The gross margin of a company is derived by deducting the revenue generated in the present year from the total cost of goods sold in the present year (Merkert and Cowie, 2012). By the calculations, it is seen that the gross margin has seen improvement that is positive for the business and inturn affect the economy. This shows that the company is stable has signs of growth in the business that has affected the overall growth of the aviation industry (Misopoulos et al. 2014). In addition to this, the operating margin has also seen an improvement in the recent years compared to the past years based on the financial data of the company. The operating margin is the indicator of the growth of the economy that is directly affected by th e rise and fall of the economy. Operating margin is derived from the operating expenses and the revenue that is earned by the company in the given period. Current ratio derived from the above tables shows the major changes that are seen in the liability repayable power of the company. The current ratio strengths show that the firm has better chances to pay off its current liabilities. The more value of the current assets that is present with the company makes the strength of the company in handling the current payments of the business (Zou et al. 2014). The asset turnover ratio of the company has been positive indicating that the firm has enough capacity to generate income based on the assets hold by the company. In addition to this the credit collection of the company is healthy indicating that the company gets its dues cleared as early as possible making the debt collection a strength of the organisation. However, the asset turnover ratio also indicates that the company has been slow to increase the sales in the years of its operations (Pearson, Pitfield and Ryley, 2015). Financial Ratio and Growth Profitability of Virgin Blue Ltd Key Ratios - Profitability Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Margins % of Sales Gross Margin _ _ 71.2 _ 72.28 73.33 71.77 71.91 74.68 Operating Margin 14.76 6.09 -7.58 2.87 -1.5 1.56 -3.43 -8.86 -2.41 Profitability Asset Turnover (Average) 0.94 0.82 0.78 0.82 0.85 1 0.95 0.95 0.9 Return on Assets % 9.36 3.46 -4.77 0.59 -1.76 0.58 -2.33 -7.81 -2.12 Liquidity/Financial Health Current Ratio 1.1 0.88 0.53 0.76 0.65 0.65 0.54 0.64 0.69 Quick Ratio Financial Leverage 3.1 3.61 5.83 4.15 4.15 4.3 4.26 4.46 5.37 Debt/Equity 1.02 1.28 2.68 1.65 1.52 1.53 1.46 1.52 2.16 Efficiency Receivables Turnover 39.09 34.45 28.91 26.41 22.52 24.24 23.14 20.83 20.51 Inventory Turnover _ _ _ _ 177.65 104.38 50.38 36.68 30.87 Fixed Assets Turnover 1.52 1.23 1.04 1.1 1.19 1.42 1.38 1.51 1.63 Asset Turnover 0.94 0.82 0.78 0.82 0.85 1 0.95 0.95 0.9 The table of the financial data shows that the company has experienced a huge correction in the gross margin. In addition to the gross margin improvement over the years showing the positive trends, the current ratio of Virgin Blue has improved a lot since the pervious years as evident from the above table. The strength in the current ratios provide evidences that the company has been successful largely in paying off the liabilities owing to the strengths of the assets of the company (Wang, Bonilla and Banister, 2016). The current ratio has been efficient for the company in the recent years rising above the falls in the past years. This proves that the company is more stable in handling the challenges and perform better in the challenging environment of the aviation market (Zhang et al. 2013). The creditability of the company has been an area that requires correction and that is evident from the present ratios in the market. The credit generation has been low owing to the low receivables turnover ratio. However, the sales of the company based on the assets of the company are positive as the asset turnover ratio been subsequently marginal in the recent years. The debt equity ratio presents the debts that the companies have gained in the process of purchasing assets on credit (Zhang et al. 2014). The high rate of debt equity possesses negative impact on the investors being the issue of risks associated with the companys business. This indicates that the company may not be able to pay off dividends to the investors efficiently as the debt equity is higher. Recommendation After analysing the financial data of Qantas Airlines and Virgin Blue it is evident that Qantas Airlines will be the preferable choice for investment for the investors. This is justified by lower debt equity ratio of Qantas as compared to Virgin Blue. The investors will look for the option that has lesser risk associated with the investment and in that case, Virgin Blue seems to lag behind as the debt equity ratio of the firm is higher and it means that the company is not stable and return on investment of the investors can be at risk. However, the sales of the company have seen a positive trend but it may not be enough for the company to make the investors invest in the organisation. In order to have better investment, Virgin Blue needs to correct its debts equity ratio as the competition is high, Qantas Airlines being the market leader can take away the investors being more stable in providing return to the investors. Conclusion In the above paper, the two airlines are compared based on the Top-down and Bottom-up analysis to present a better understanding of the opportunities that lie in the aviation market for the investors. 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