Fundamentals of Managing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Basics of Managing People - Essay Example Wages, Training, wellbeing, decent variety, work-life balance just as wellbeing and health are a portion of the center representative needs. When these are satisfied, quality yield is ensured. Furthermore, when this fragile parity is achieved, workers can cultivate camaraderie among themselves just as dedication to their representatives. Managers then again will encounter lower representative turnover rates which in the long run lead to decreased benefits (Hall, 2003:46). Work life balance is a basic piece of the riddle in light of the fact that each representative has a loved ones outside the business scope. Numerous a worker has exited their positions since it doesn't enough provide food for this specific need. Changed Employee Priorities 10 years or so back, the most noteworthy need for most representatives was building up their vocations. Today, the steers of the result have changed. Most representatives are increasingly keen on having both a family and a decent vocation and most would leave an occupation inferable from reasons identified with work life balance (Palundi, 2012:77). It is basic for one to seek after accomplishment and bliss in the activity as well as in one’s individual circle. Delight for this situation implies pride, festivity, bliss, a general feeling of prosperity and fulfillment in the activity that they do. This has thus driven different organizations in the globe to offer serious bundles that offer adaptable works on concerning work-life rehearses. Paid work and family care are the most fundamental components of work family balance. Be that as it may, work-life additionally incorporates instruction, chipping in and diversion. Work-life permits representatives to impart their chance to both the activity and their family and still produce quality outcomes. Managers need to comprehend that work-life balance is imperative to the representative. Be that as it may, the representative additionally has a task to carry out in guaranteein g that his needs are met with the goal that his profitability is ideal. It is the employee’s boss obligation to guarantee that he salutes himself on function admirably done and continues propelling himself (Hall, 2003:79). Furthermore, it is dependent upon him to offer himself a reprieve when he merits one. He likewise needs to define limits between his expert and individual lives. The administration and the workers need to concede to a program that will improve a positive parity of the two. In an ongoing report, it was evaluated that in each five representatives, two are not happy with the harmony between their private lives and the expert ones. Long working hours, long drives, expanded weight at work, changing socioeconomics and the weakening of limits among work and life are a portion of the contributing components to the disappointment. Businesses who disregard this essential component in their employees’ lives will encounter high turnover rates, miserable workers just as low resolve. All representatives need to understand that their workers are increasingly inspired by help projects to better their loves comprehensively more that money related remuneration (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2005:135) It abandons saying there it isn't in any way, shape or form to accomplish an ideal harmony among work and life. Once can't have the option to plan equivalent number of hours to all the numerous parts of work and life (Beauregard, 2009:83). Attempting to do this will disappoint the worker since it will wind up being both ridiculous just as unrewarding. Also, it is significant that the equalization will continue changing as time advances, even as meager as on an ordinary premise. For instance, the equalization that utilized

Coming through

Coming Through SlaughterTab/Tab/ Coming Through Slaughter composed by Michael Ondaatje recounts Buddy Bolden's drop into his own damnation. Ondaatje's epic is brimming with craftsmanship and excellence and recounts to the account of a performer, who was top notch in his time whose work impacted the music of a few later ages. It is an account of a craftsman who attempted to rise above life's tragedies and who endured with despair, franticness, forlornness, and the violence of life. The epic places on Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans cornet player, and early jazz virtuoso, who dropped far out for a long time and afterward made a triumphant however fleeting return, before biting the dust in a refuge. In Coming Through Slaughter, Buddy Bolden battled to live between an open and a private and to manage the strains among impulse and awareness. Bolden's feelings are best found in his music, which is a particular type of the blues that communicates the battles that continually encompassed him.First Street, Central City New Orlea ns. Mate Bold...Bolden is the distanced and segregated craftsman unfit to live inside the structures of request and control. The steady requests that crowds makes on him drives Bolden into madness. These are the requests that had caused a change in Bolden's character. On the off chance that lone he had known the mischief in these requests, he would have had the option to ensure himself. Rather, it devastated his life and career.Russell 2All of Buddy's crowds are egotistical, and all have their own needs from Buddy. Every assumes a job in Buddy's life, causing it to appear as though he is the most notable individual in their lives. While all have their own enthusiasm for mind. For Webb, quite a while companion, Bolden doesn't exist as a private individual with private needs, however just as an open individual. Webb was the main individual who scanned for...

Society and Femininity Essay -- American Literature Essays

Society and Femininity: Triumph of the Human Spirit Not many books in American Literature can procure the title of ageless. These books rise above the ages, since they have a more noteworthy significance. Their accounts show individuals life, the brilliance of the human spirit, and everything it can suffer to survive. Three books specifically get to the very heart of ladylike battle. Despite the fact that they contact not on women’s battle to cast a ballot, they arrive at the higher plain of women’s battle to be viewed as what their identity is and not what society needs them to be. To Kill a Mockingbird, The Color Purple and The Bluest Eye all arrangement with the subject of ladies attempting to conquer society. In spite of the fact that these books were written in the mid to later 50% of the twentieth century, they return to when the Great Depression was contacting all strolls of human life. Every one of the principle characters in these books doesn't fit society’s perspective on gentility during the timespan. D espite the fact that the fundamental characters in the three stories don't fit society’s thought of gentility, they each, in their own specific manner, beat this and show a more prominent stunner of solidarity. Every one of the three primary characters in every one of these accounts neglect to satisfy society’s thought of magnificence and womanliness. The lead character of To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout, is a multi year old boyish girl, during when young ladies aren’t expected to be spitfires. She gets a lot of analysis by her auntie and numerous others for not being the perfect youthful young lady. Harper Lee, the creator, communicates through the view purpose of Scout, â€Å"Aunt Alexandra was over the top regarding the matter of my clothing. I couldn't in any way, shape or form plan to be a woman in the event that I wore breeches, at that point I said I could do nothing in a dress, she said I wasn’t expected to do things that requi... ... isn't happy to surrender the battle by her astonishing want to need that youngster to live. In spite of the fact that the book doesn't show Claudia in adulthood, one can imagine her as the embodiment of a resilient lady. These three fundamental characters challenge society due to their quality. These books become immortal on account of the female characters. Every epic challenges the desires for society in its own specific manner. They embody ladies who ascend over the normal to get more prominent than what a great many people are. The books show the female soul in the entirety of its greatness; they depict its qualities and capacity to conquer deterrents. Works Cited Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. 1960. 40th Anniversary Ed. New York: HarperCollins Pub, 1999. Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970. Walker, Alice. The Color Purple. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanocich, 1982.

Eating disorders: a problem Essay

Dietary problems are an overall issue. There are numerous sorts of dietary problems. There are programs out there to help individuals with dietary problems. With such a large number of types we should comprehend the distinctions by taking a gander at each sort, how it influences youngsters, and what impact the media has on this issue. Dietary issues come in a wide range of types. One of these is anorexia. Anorexia is a genuine malady which causes a serious absence of eating. The correct name is anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa makes individuals lose more weight than is viewed as sound for their age and tallness. People with this issue may have an extraordinary dread of weight increase, in any event, when they are underweight. They may consume less calories or exercise excessively or utilize different approaches to get more fit. Their confidence is normally excessively identified with self-perception. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001401/) Anorexia nervosa has many admonition signs that can tell somebody on the off chance that they have an issue. Somebody may decline to eat certain nourishments/food classifications and deny their appetite all together. An individual may create â€Å"food rituals† in which they orchestrate nourishments with a particular goal in mind, exorbitantly bite, eat in a specific request, etc†¦ One may pull back themselves from their companions, family, or society. They may much of the time say something about being â€Å"fat† or â€Å"overweight† notwithstanding their weight reduction. (http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/anorexia-nervosa) Another sort of dietary problem is bulimia nervosa. Bulimia is a disease wherein an individual gorges on food or has normal scenes of indulging and feels lost control. The individual at that point utilizes various techniques â€, for example, retching or mishandling purgatives †to forestall weight gain. Many (yet not all) individuals with bulimia likewise have anorexia nervosa. The cleansing of food usuallyâ brings a liberating sensation. ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001381/) One type of a dietary issue is voraciously consuming food. Voraciously consuming food is a dietary issue where an individual eats an a lot bigger measure of food in a shorter timeframe than the person ordinarily would. During pigging out, the individual likewise feels lost control. A few reasons for voraciously consuming food incorporate qualities, for example, having close family members who additionally have a dietary problem. Sorrow or different feelings, for example, feeling agitated or pushed. Unfortunate consuming less calories, for example, not eating enough nutritious food or skipping suppers. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003749/) A few side effects of voraciously consuming food are, eating a lot of food in a brief period, for instance, like clockwork. An individual can't control gorging, for instance can't quit eating or control the measure of food. An individual may continue eating in any event, when full (pigging out) or until awkwardly full. Now and again an individual feels regretful, disturbed, embarrassed, or discouraged in the wake of eating to such an extent. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003749/) Some treatment should be possible for individuals with a pigging out issue. The objectives are to decrease and afterward have the option to stop the gorging occurrences. Have the option to get to and remain at a sound weight. Get treated for any enthusiastic issues, including beating emotions and overseeing circumstances that trigger pigging out. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003749/)

Complete Guide to Googles HEART Framework for Measuring the Quality of UX

Complete Guide to Googles HEART Framework for Measuring the Quality of UX AN INTRODUCTION TO USER EXPERIENCEUser Experience (UX) is a term that is used to refer to a deep understanding of the user’s or customer’s preferences, behaviors, values and their abilities. Through UX measurement, one can measure the attitudes and emotions of users regarding a certain product, service or a system. User experience includes the main aspects of the interaction between humans and the computer systems. This very concept helps businesses fathom the kind of experiences users have while using either the products or services or the website or any other web platform of the company. They can know the ease of usage, the perception of the value of the system as well as the efficiency in performing certain tasks.User experience or UX is continuously modified with respect to time and, for this reason, it is considered dynamic in nature. It changes with changes in circumstances and situations and is subjective in nature. In simple words, User experience can also be defined as h ow a person feels while using a system at a particular time. The system could be anything including a web application, a website, software or a hardware system. The overall purpose or aim of measuring UX is to improve the quality of the interaction of the users regarding a system.History of User experienceIt was in the 1990s that Donald Norman brought the term ‘User experience’ into wider knowledge. Earlier, this term was used to indicate a shift to take into account not just behavioral contexts but also affective factors. But even till date, several practitioners continue to research and evaluate these affective factors that are associated with end users or consumers. There have been many developments that have led to a rise in the interest in user experience since then and they are given as follows:Improvements and advances in social, mobile and tangible computer systems and technologies into several areas of activities of humans.Combination of interests of several stakeholder s in website designing too led to an increase in the interest levels. What happened was that those who were associated with branding and marketing needed to access the interactive part of this field in such a way that they could measure usability. But those who were concerned with website designing needed to consider branding, marketing as well as all the other aesthetical aspects. Thus, it was User Experience that offered a way to cover all these interests at the same time.MEASURING USER EXPERIENCEIf you are a business owner and own a website, then do you sometimes wonder why you have a lot of visitors on your website but not enough conversions? Have you ever given a thought to why the retention rate of visitors is low? Well, if you have these questions then only one thing can answer them accurately, and that is measuring the User Experience. Usability simply refers to the ease at which a user is when using a product or service offered by you and by measuring this, you can have ans wers to all your queries about the experience of the users. The following are some of the UX metrics that can help measure UX effectively.What are UX Metrics?UX metrics are a superb and powerful tool for measuring the performance of any system or product. UX metrics can be best used when they are combined with marketing metrics. UX metrics are slightly different than metrics that are used in marketing, finance or sales. The following are some of the most commonly used UX metrics:Usability One of the user experience metrics which proves useful and effective in measuring the customer’s opinions and preferences is the usability factor. This metric concentrates upon how easy is it for people or users to find what they are looking for and with how much ease can they accomplish what they aim to do. The following are some aspects of usability that UX teams are engaged in measuring in most of the cases:Time on task The time taken to complete a particular task or activity is one of the th ings that defines usability.Task success The success rate or nature of the task at hand is also one of the important aspects of overall usability.Confusion moment Usability also takes into account the number of moments of confusion that a user may face while performing a certain task.Cue recognition The ease of recognition of icons or cues too is measured when measuring usability.Menu/navigation use The ease of use of the navigation systems, drop-down menus and other menus too can be included.Engagement This is a highly crucial category of user metrics and is often considered the main aspect of overall user experience. UX teams spend a lot of time trying to figure out the nature of the interaction of engagement that users have with a system or site. The following are some of the factors that may be included in the broad category of engagement.Attention minutes The amount of attention that a user gives to a website is something that engagement may revolve around majorly.Happines s rating How good a user feels when using a system or website too is an important aspect covered in this category.Flow state The ease of flow from one block of information to another is the flow state and comes with engagement.Total time reading Total time spent on a website or particular portions of that website help to measure the level of engagement as well.Conversion Conversion is a crucial metric but is one that basically focuses only on that small percentage of users who seem interested in converting or have converted. For every business, it is important to know how many and how often do visitors convert into customers so that they can figure out the trends that are leading to this conversion and improve upon them further. The following are some of the factors that are encircled within this user metric.Conversion rate The exact rate of conversion is one of the most important factors included in this metric.Likelihood to recommend, or NPS Net promoter score (NPS) or the li kelihood of a user recommending a product or service to another user.Likelihood to take action This factor measures the chances that a consumer is about to take an action such as order a product, try a service, etc.USER PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORK A successful business isn’t one which is only concerned with selling products but is one which makes efforts to improve the sales by taking into account the users. Without the users or customers entering the picture, a business isn’t complete, and this is where the concept of User Experience (UX) comes into play.For each and every seller, business or organization, evaluation of consumer interest, preference, behavior, and emotions is highly important, and the concept of UX helps us measure these attributes. Through this article, we shall try and understand what user experience really is and how the HEART framework helps to measure the quality of UX. We will provide 1) a short introduction to user experience (UX), 2) how to measure user experience, and 3) user performance framework inclusing Googles HEART framework.AN INTRODUCTION TO USER EXPERIENCEUser Experience (UX) is a term that is used to refer to a deep understanding of the user’s or customer’s preferences, behaviors, values and their abilities. Through UX measurement, one can measure the attitudes and emotions of users regarding a certain product, service or a system. User experience includes the main aspects of the interaction between humans and the computer systems. This very concept helps businesses fathom the kind of experiences users have while using either the products or services or the website or any other web platform of the company. They can know the ease of usage, the perception of the value of the system as well as the efficiency in performing certain tasks.User experience or UX is continuously modified with respect to time and, for this reason, it is cons idered dynamic in nature. It changes with changes in circumstances and situations and is subjective in nature. In simple words, User experience can also be defined as how a person feels while using a system at a particular time. The system could be anything including a web application, a website, software or a hardware system. The overall purpose or aim of measuring UX is to improve the quality of the interaction of the users regarding a system.History of User experienceIt was in the 1990s that Donald Norman brought the term ‘User experience’ into wider knowledge. Earlier, this term was used to indicate a shift to take into account not just behavioral contexts but also affective factors. But even till date, several practitioners continue to research and evaluate these affective factors that are associated with end users or consumers. There have been many developments that have led to a rise in the interest in user experience since then and they are given as follows:Improvements and advances in social, mobile and tangible computer systems and technologies into several areas of activities of humans.Combination of interests of several stakeholders in website designing too led to an increase in the interest levels. What happened was that those who were associated with branding and marketing needed to access the interactive part of this field in such a way that they could measure usability. But those who were concerned with website designing needed to consider branding, marketing as well as all the other aesthetical aspects. Thus, it was User Experience that offered a way to cover all these interests at the same time.MEASURING USER EXPERIENCEIf you are a business owner and own a website, then do you sometimes wonder why you have a lot of visitors on your website but not enough conversions? Have you ever given a thought to why the retention rate of visitors is low? Well, if you have these questions then only one thing can answer them accurately, and that is meas uring the User Experience. Usability simply refers to the ease at which a user is when using a product or service offered by you and by measuring this, you can have answers to all your queries about the experience of the users. The following are some of the UX metrics that can help measure UX effectively.What are UX Metrics?UX metrics are a superb and powerful tool for measuring the performance of any system or product. UX metrics can be best used when they are combined with marketing metrics. UX metrics are slightly different than metrics that are used in marketing, finance or sales. The following are some of the most commonly used UX metrics:Usability One of the user experience metrics which proves useful and effective in measuring the customer’s opinions and preferences is the usability factor. This metric concentrates upon how easy is it for people or users to find what they are looking for and with how much ease can they accomplish what they aim to do. The following are some aspects of usability that UX teams are engaged in measuring in most of the cases:Time on task The time taken to complete a particular task or activity is one of the things that defines usability.Task success The success rate or nature of the task at hand is also one of the important aspects of overall usability.Confusion moment Usability also takes into account the number of moments of confusion that a user may face while performing a certain task.Cue recognition The ease of recognition of icons or cues too is measured when measuring usability.Menu/navigation use The ease of use of the navigation systems, drop-down menus and other menus too can be included.Engagement This is a highly crucial category of user metrics and is often considered the main aspect of overall user experience. UX teams spend a lot of time trying to figure out the nature of the interaction of engagement that users have with a system or site. The following are some of the factors that may be included in the broad category of engagement.Attention minutes The amount of attention that a user gives to a website is something that engagement may revolve around majorly.Happiness rating How good a user feels when using a system or website too is an important aspect covered in this category.Flow state The ease of flow from one block of information to another is the flow state and comes with engagement.Total time reading Total time spent on a website or particular portions of that website help to measure the level of engagement as well.Conversion Conversion is a crucial metric but is one that basically focuses only on that small percentage of users who seem interested in converting or have converted. For every business, it is important to know how many and how often do visitors convert into customers so that they can figure out the trends that are leading to this conversion and improve upon them further. The following are some of the factors that are encircled within this user metric.Conver sion rate The exact rate of conversion is one of the most important factors included in this metric.Likelihood to recommend, or NPS Net promoter score (NPS) or the likelihood of a user recommending a product or service to another user.Likelihood to take action This factor measures the chances that a consumer is about to take an action such as order a product, try a service, etc.USER PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORKDuring the process of website designing, one can evaluate and analyze the usability of a product or service and compare interfaces through A/B testing. But to pursue this, it is important to choose and use the correct metrics that can be selected on the basis of some useful methods. These methods must point out to the metrics that represent not just the quality of user experience but also the overall goals of a project or a product.Two parts of the framework:The quality of user experience (Googles HEART framework)The goals of project or product (The Goals-signals-metrics process)P art #1 Google’s Heart FrameworkGoogle’s HEART framework is a strong and powerful user-centric metric which can be used to evaluate and measure the advancements made towards the main objectives or product decisions. HEART Framework is put to use for defining the large scale metrics that can be both behavioral in nature as well as attitudinal. HEART can be applied not just to an entire system but also its individual elements. It stands for Happiness, Engagement, Adoption, Retention and Task Success. To know more about this framework introduced by Google, please read further.Happiness Happiness is the attribute that evaluates and measures the attitudes, behavior and emotions of the users or consumers. These points are collected by the means of user surveys, the net-promoter score as well as by using methods like perceived ease of use. These factors help to know whether or not users or consumers are happy and satisfied with the products or web systems and what their overall thought is regarding the same.Engagement Engagement is the term that is used to refer to the overall involvement of consumers with the website or product in question. The engagement levels are measured through behavioral tools like depth of interaction for a given period of time, intensity of interactions as well as the frequency of involvement. A good example to describe engagement on a social networking site could be the number of visits to the site per day.Adoption Adoption is the term that is used to describe how well or often is a new product, service or feature being adopted or utilized. It also measures how new consumers adopt to the service or product and when do they convert from being visitors to consumers. For example, adoption may measure the number of new user accounts created on an email website in a given period of time, say 7 days.Retention Retention is the rate at which the consumers, users or customers who already exist for a business are returning to purchase more ser vices or products. This can be understood as the number of users who continue to be customers of a company continuously for a given period of time. Most businesses focus on the retention rate besides concentrating on just the conversion rate because the number of users retained speaks volumes about the value of the product or service, effectiveness of the cost as well as efficiency of engagement efforts of the business. A good example of retention is the renewal rate for an antivirus program.Task success Task success is an integral factor that basically takes into account the traditional behavioral metrics of UX, which include the effectiveness of a particular task, efficiency of a task as well as the error rate observed. Task success attribute is more suitable for the task-focused parts of a product or service such as upload flow or search. For example, the time taken to upload a photo or the success rate of search results could refer to be task success attributes.Application of G oogles HEART framework to multiple levelsThe HEART Framework, as mentioned above doesn’t necessarily have to be applied to an entire system but can also be valid for individual levels. As an example, in Gmail, the HEART framework can either be applied to the whole product in general or can also be utilized for some crucial features like archiving and labels, etc. A lot of people wonder why use the factors like retention and adoption when it is easy to calculate the total number of users or customers. Of course it is important to know the total number of consumers or customers but at the same time, when adoption and retention are calculated, one can differentiate between the new customers as well as those who are returning back to use a product or service. This helps to fathom the speed of growth of the user base.The Googles HEART framework is helpful in letting you make a decision regarding what features are to be added and which ones need to be eliminated. By measuring user exper ience based on H-E-A-R-T, one can fathom whether it is the engagement levels that need focus or is it the adoption that needs to be worked upon and so on.Part #2 The Goals-Signals-Metrics ProcessWhen the Googles HEART framework is already utilized, how does one move ahead and apply and track the findings? Well, there obviously isn’t an automatic method that would do this task for you because the most useful metrics are mostly meant for a particular project or product. This is where the Goals-Signals-Metrics process comes into play. Let’s look into this metric process in detail:Goals â€" Rather than creating a long list of metrics that can be hard to list in a chronological order, it is better to come up with a small list of metrics that are useful. But to figure out this small list, one will need to start at a superior level and figure out the goals. This will help you to choose the metrics that can enable you to evaluate your progress on the road to success. However, it can be very difficult to articulate the goals of your project since every member of the team may have different ideas about it. For example, there may be different goals for the particular project as compared to goals for a particular feature.Signals â€" The next step within this metric is to map the already figured out goals to lower-level signals. You now need to figure out how the failure or the success of your goals will implement itself. For one particular goal, there may be a large number of signals which can be potentially very useful. In order to choose from those signals, you may need to conduct a proper research and analysis. Within this research, you may need to figure out which signal is the easiest to track, is the product aligned with the signal or can a product survey be deployed easily on a regular basis and so on. Also, the signal must be chosen in such a way that it should be sensitive to the various changes in the design.Metrics â€" After selection of the signals, they m ust be refined further into metrics. Metrics are the elements or items that you will be tracking over a given period of time in the A/B tests. When you come to this particular time, then the particulars will mainly depend upon the kind of infrastructure you have. But, here again, for a given signal, there can be many types of metrics possible and an analysis of data collected must be done to find out which metrics are the most suitable. By making use of percentages as well as averages, you will have to normalize the raw figures to come up with the more meaningful ones.The process of Goals-Signals-Metrics should enable you to come up with a prioritization of the metrics so that you can use the ones that are most effective and important first and then use the lesser important ones later. Only use those metrics that are related to your personalized goals and avoid wasting time on the ones that require extra implementation efforts.Which methods are you using for measuring your product a nd UX metrics? Did you use Googles HEART framework? If you did, what experiences did you have with it?

Complete Guide to Googles HEART Framework for Measuring the Quality of UX

Complete Guide to Googles HEART Framework for Measuring the Quality of UX AN INTRODUCTION TO USER EXPERIENCEUser Experience (UX) is a term that is used to refer to a deep understanding of the user’s or customer’s preferences, behaviors, values and their abilities. Through UX measurement, one can measure the attitudes and emotions of users regarding a certain product, service or a system. User experience includes the main aspects of the interaction between humans and the computer systems. This very concept helps businesses fathom the kind of experiences users have while using either the products or services or the website or any other web platform of the company. They can know the ease of usage, the perception of the value of the system as well as the efficiency in performing certain tasks.User experience or UX is continuously modified with respect to time and, for this reason, it is considered dynamic in nature. It changes with changes in circumstances and situations and is subjective in nature. In simple words, User experience can also be defined as h ow a person feels while using a system at a particular time. The system could be anything including a web application, a website, software or a hardware system. The overall purpose or aim of measuring UX is to improve the quality of the interaction of the users regarding a system.History of User experienceIt was in the 1990s that Donald Norman brought the term ‘User experience’ into wider knowledge. Earlier, this term was used to indicate a shift to take into account not just behavioral contexts but also affective factors. But even till date, several practitioners continue to research and evaluate these affective factors that are associated with end users or consumers. There have been many developments that have led to a rise in the interest in user experience since then and they are given as follows:Improvements and advances in social, mobile and tangible computer systems and technologies into several areas of activities of humans.Combination of interests of several stakeholder s in website designing too led to an increase in the interest levels. What happened was that those who were associated with branding and marketing needed to access the interactive part of this field in such a way that they could measure usability. But those who were concerned with website designing needed to consider branding, marketing as well as all the other aesthetical aspects. Thus, it was User Experience that offered a way to cover all these interests at the same time.MEASURING USER EXPERIENCEIf you are a business owner and own a website, then do you sometimes wonder why you have a lot of visitors on your website but not enough conversions? Have you ever given a thought to why the retention rate of visitors is low? Well, if you have these questions then only one thing can answer them accurately, and that is measuring the User Experience. Usability simply refers to the ease at which a user is when using a product or service offered by you and by measuring this, you can have ans wers to all your queries about the experience of the users. The following are some of the UX metrics that can help measure UX effectively.What are UX Metrics?UX metrics are a superb and powerful tool for measuring the performance of any system or product. UX metrics can be best used when they are combined with marketing metrics. UX metrics are slightly different than metrics that are used in marketing, finance or sales. The following are some of the most commonly used UX metrics:Usability One of the user experience metrics which proves useful and effective in measuring the customer’s opinions and preferences is the usability factor. This metric concentrates upon how easy is it for people or users to find what they are looking for and with how much ease can they accomplish what they aim to do. The following are some aspects of usability that UX teams are engaged in measuring in most of the cases:Time on task The time taken to complete a particular task or activity is one of the th ings that defines usability.Task success The success rate or nature of the task at hand is also one of the important aspects of overall usability.Confusion moment Usability also takes into account the number of moments of confusion that a user may face while performing a certain task.Cue recognition The ease of recognition of icons or cues too is measured when measuring usability.Menu/navigation use The ease of use of the navigation systems, drop-down menus and other menus too can be included.Engagement This is a highly crucial category of user metrics and is often considered the main aspect of overall user experience. UX teams spend a lot of time trying to figure out the nature of the interaction of engagement that users have with a system or site. The following are some of the factors that may be included in the broad category of engagement.Attention minutes The amount of attention that a user gives to a website is something that engagement may revolve around majorly.Happines s rating How good a user feels when using a system or website too is an important aspect covered in this category.Flow state The ease of flow from one block of information to another is the flow state and comes with engagement.Total time reading Total time spent on a website or particular portions of that website help to measure the level of engagement as well.Conversion Conversion is a crucial metric but is one that basically focuses only on that small percentage of users who seem interested in converting or have converted. For every business, it is important to know how many and how often do visitors convert into customers so that they can figure out the trends that are leading to this conversion and improve upon them further. The following are some of the factors that are encircled within this user metric.Conversion rate The exact rate of conversion is one of the most important factors included in this metric.Likelihood to recommend, or NPS Net promoter score (NPS) or the li kelihood of a user recommending a product or service to another user.Likelihood to take action This factor measures the chances that a consumer is about to take an action such as order a product, try a service, etc.USER PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORK A successful business isn’t one which is only concerned with selling products but is one which makes efforts to improve the sales by taking into account the users. Without the users or customers entering the picture, a business isn’t complete, and this is where the concept of User Experience (UX) comes into play.For each and every seller, business or organization, evaluation of consumer interest, preference, behavior, and emotions is highly important, and the concept of UX helps us measure these attributes. Through this article, we shall try and understand what user experience really is and how the HEART framework helps to measure the quality of UX. We will provide 1) a short introduction to user experience (UX), 2) how to measure user experience, and 3) user performance framework inclusing Googles HEART framework.AN INTRODUCTION TO USER EXPERIENCEUser Experience (UX) is a term that is used to refer to a deep understanding of the user’s or customer’s preferences, behaviors, values and their abilities. Through UX measurement, one can measure the attitudes and emotions of users regarding a certain product, service or a system. User experience includes the main aspects of the interaction between humans and the computer systems. This very concept helps businesses fathom the kind of experiences users have while using either the products or services or the website or any other web platform of the company. They can know the ease of usage, the perception of the value of the system as well as the efficiency in performing certain tasks.User experience or UX is continuously modified with respect to time and, for this reason, it is cons idered dynamic in nature. It changes with changes in circumstances and situations and is subjective in nature. In simple words, User experience can also be defined as how a person feels while using a system at a particular time. The system could be anything including a web application, a website, software or a hardware system. The overall purpose or aim of measuring UX is to improve the quality of the interaction of the users regarding a system.History of User experienceIt was in the 1990s that Donald Norman brought the term ‘User experience’ into wider knowledge. Earlier, this term was used to indicate a shift to take into account not just behavioral contexts but also affective factors. But even till date, several practitioners continue to research and evaluate these affective factors that are associated with end users or consumers. There have been many developments that have led to a rise in the interest in user experience since then and they are given as follows:Improvements and advances in social, mobile and tangible computer systems and technologies into several areas of activities of humans.Combination of interests of several stakeholders in website designing too led to an increase in the interest levels. What happened was that those who were associated with branding and marketing needed to access the interactive part of this field in such a way that they could measure usability. But those who were concerned with website designing needed to consider branding, marketing as well as all the other aesthetical aspects. Thus, it was User Experience that offered a way to cover all these interests at the same time.MEASURING USER EXPERIENCEIf you are a business owner and own a website, then do you sometimes wonder why you have a lot of visitors on your website but not enough conversions? Have you ever given a thought to why the retention rate of visitors is low? Well, if you have these questions then only one thing can answer them accurately, and that is meas uring the User Experience. Usability simply refers to the ease at which a user is when using a product or service offered by you and by measuring this, you can have answers to all your queries about the experience of the users. The following are some of the UX metrics that can help measure UX effectively.What are UX Metrics?UX metrics are a superb and powerful tool for measuring the performance of any system or product. UX metrics can be best used when they are combined with marketing metrics. UX metrics are slightly different than metrics that are used in marketing, finance or sales. The following are some of the most commonly used UX metrics:Usability One of the user experience metrics which proves useful and effective in measuring the customer’s opinions and preferences is the usability factor. This metric concentrates upon how easy is it for people or users to find what they are looking for and with how much ease can they accomplish what they aim to do. The following are some aspects of usability that UX teams are engaged in measuring in most of the cases:Time on task The time taken to complete a particular task or activity is one of the things that defines usability.Task success The success rate or nature of the task at hand is also one of the important aspects of overall usability.Confusion moment Usability also takes into account the number of moments of confusion that a user may face while performing a certain task.Cue recognition The ease of recognition of icons or cues too is measured when measuring usability.Menu/navigation use The ease of use of the navigation systems, drop-down menus and other menus too can be included.Engagement This is a highly crucial category of user metrics and is often considered the main aspect of overall user experience. UX teams spend a lot of time trying to figure out the nature of the interaction of engagement that users have with a system or site. The following are some of the factors that may be included in the broad category of engagement.Attention minutes The amount of attention that a user gives to a website is something that engagement may revolve around majorly.Happiness rating How good a user feels when using a system or website too is an important aspect covered in this category.Flow state The ease of flow from one block of information to another is the flow state and comes with engagement.Total time reading Total time spent on a website or particular portions of that website help to measure the level of engagement as well.Conversion Conversion is a crucial metric but is one that basically focuses only on that small percentage of users who seem interested in converting or have converted. For every business, it is important to know how many and how often do visitors convert into customers so that they can figure out the trends that are leading to this conversion and improve upon them further. The following are some of the factors that are encircled within this user metric.Conver sion rate The exact rate of conversion is one of the most important factors included in this metric.Likelihood to recommend, or NPS Net promoter score (NPS) or the likelihood of a user recommending a product or service to another user.Likelihood to take action This factor measures the chances that a consumer is about to take an action such as order a product, try a service, etc.USER PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORKDuring the process of website designing, one can evaluate and analyze the usability of a product or service and compare interfaces through A/B testing. But to pursue this, it is important to choose and use the correct metrics that can be selected on the basis of some useful methods. These methods must point out to the metrics that represent not just the quality of user experience but also the overall goals of a project or a product.Two parts of the framework:The quality of user experience (Googles HEART framework)The goals of project or product (The Goals-signals-metrics process)P art #1 Google’s Heart FrameworkGoogle’s HEART framework is a strong and powerful user-centric metric which can be used to evaluate and measure the advancements made towards the main objectives or product decisions. HEART Framework is put to use for defining the large scale metrics that can be both behavioral in nature as well as attitudinal. HEART can be applied not just to an entire system but also its individual elements. It stands for Happiness, Engagement, Adoption, Retention and Task Success. To know more about this framework introduced by Google, please read further.Happiness Happiness is the attribute that evaluates and measures the attitudes, behavior and emotions of the users or consumers. These points are collected by the means of user surveys, the net-promoter score as well as by using methods like perceived ease of use. These factors help to know whether or not users or consumers are happy and satisfied with the products or web systems and what their overall thought is regarding the same.Engagement Engagement is the term that is used to refer to the overall involvement of consumers with the website or product in question. The engagement levels are measured through behavioral tools like depth of interaction for a given period of time, intensity of interactions as well as the frequency of involvement. A good example to describe engagement on a social networking site could be the number of visits to the site per day.Adoption Adoption is the term that is used to describe how well or often is a new product, service or feature being adopted or utilized. It also measures how new consumers adopt to the service or product and when do they convert from being visitors to consumers. For example, adoption may measure the number of new user accounts created on an email website in a given period of time, say 7 days.Retention Retention is the rate at which the consumers, users or customers who already exist for a business are returning to purchase more ser vices or products. This can be understood as the number of users who continue to be customers of a company continuously for a given period of time. Most businesses focus on the retention rate besides concentrating on just the conversion rate because the number of users retained speaks volumes about the value of the product or service, effectiveness of the cost as well as efficiency of engagement efforts of the business. A good example of retention is the renewal rate for an antivirus program.Task success Task success is an integral factor that basically takes into account the traditional behavioral metrics of UX, which include the effectiveness of a particular task, efficiency of a task as well as the error rate observed. Task success attribute is more suitable for the task-focused parts of a product or service such as upload flow or search. For example, the time taken to upload a photo or the success rate of search results could refer to be task success attributes.Application of G oogles HEART framework to multiple levelsThe HEART Framework, as mentioned above doesn’t necessarily have to be applied to an entire system but can also be valid for individual levels. As an example, in Gmail, the HEART framework can either be applied to the whole product in general or can also be utilized for some crucial features like archiving and labels, etc. A lot of people wonder why use the factors like retention and adoption when it is easy to calculate the total number of users or customers. Of course it is important to know the total number of consumers or customers but at the same time, when adoption and retention are calculated, one can differentiate between the new customers as well as those who are returning back to use a product or service. This helps to fathom the speed of growth of the user base.The Googles HEART framework is helpful in letting you make a decision regarding what features are to be added and which ones need to be eliminated. By measuring user exper ience based on H-E-A-R-T, one can fathom whether it is the engagement levels that need focus or is it the adoption that needs to be worked upon and so on.Part #2 The Goals-Signals-Metrics ProcessWhen the Googles HEART framework is already utilized, how does one move ahead and apply and track the findings? Well, there obviously isn’t an automatic method that would do this task for you because the most useful metrics are mostly meant for a particular project or product. This is where the Goals-Signals-Metrics process comes into play. Let’s look into this metric process in detail:Goals â€" Rather than creating a long list of metrics that can be hard to list in a chronological order, it is better to come up with a small list of metrics that are useful. But to figure out this small list, one will need to start at a superior level and figure out the goals. This will help you to choose the metrics that can enable you to evaluate your progress on the road to success. However, it can be very difficult to articulate the goals of your project since every member of the team may have different ideas about it. For example, there may be different goals for the particular project as compared to goals for a particular feature.Signals â€" The next step within this metric is to map the already figured out goals to lower-level signals. You now need to figure out how the failure or the success of your goals will implement itself. For one particular goal, there may be a large number of signals which can be potentially very useful. In order to choose from those signals, you may need to conduct a proper research and analysis. Within this research, you may need to figure out which signal is the easiest to track, is the product aligned with the signal or can a product survey be deployed easily on a regular basis and so on. Also, the signal must be chosen in such a way that it should be sensitive to the various changes in the design.Metrics â€" After selection of the signals, they m ust be refined further into metrics. Metrics are the elements or items that you will be tracking over a given period of time in the A/B tests. When you come to this particular time, then the particulars will mainly depend upon the kind of infrastructure you have. But, here again, for a given signal, there can be many types of metrics possible and an analysis of data collected must be done to find out which metrics are the most suitable. By making use of percentages as well as averages, you will have to normalize the raw figures to come up with the more meaningful ones.The process of Goals-Signals-Metrics should enable you to come up with a prioritization of the metrics so that you can use the ones that are most effective and important first and then use the lesser important ones later. Only use those metrics that are related to your personalized goals and avoid wasting time on the ones that require extra implementation efforts.Which methods are you using for measuring your product a nd UX metrics? Did you use Googles HEART framework? If you did, what experiences did you have with it?

What Was the Role and History of Italy After World War Two - 550 Words

What Was the Role and History of Italy After World War Two and Through Cold War (Essay Sample) Content: Role and History of Italy after World War 2Name:Institution:Role and history of Italy after World War 2In the early years of the 20th century, Italy made a mistake by allowing the rise of fascism and rallying behind Benito Mussolini. The tyrant concentrated power in his government and turned the country into his own personal dictatorship. All in all, after the axis power was defeated and Mussolini died after the Second World War, Italy had an opportunity to move forward in a different way.After the war, the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s history was in the hands of the Christian democratic system for about four decades. During this time, the Italian Communist Party played the role of the main opposition. This was to go on until the Tangentopoli scandal, the Soviet Union crisis and mission Mani pulite. According to Maier (2015),Âthe three incidences helped form a major reformation within the Italian political system and electoral system that also included the closure of polit ical parties.Just after the war, the Italian society was mainly divided on the way forward. Some people thought that abolishing the monarchy and creating a republic was the way to go, while others wished to implement communism and socialism while nationalizing the northern industrial sectors. In June 1946, Italians voted in a referendum to do away with the monarchy. The royal family was chased away from Italy and banned from living anywhere within the borders of Italy (Maier, 2015).ÂA Constituent Assembly was elected in 1946; with its role being to draft the Italian constitution. This assembly drew up a constitution that created a bicameral parliamentary republic with separate executive and judiciary branches; with the executive being headed by a president who was elected by parliament. This new constitution was promulgated on the 1st of January 1948, setting the way for the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s first open parliamentary elections later that year, which was heavily influenced by A merica (Berger, 2012).During that time around the Italian elections, the United States was dishing a lot of money to Western Europe in a strategy referred to as the Marshal Plan. According to Berger (2012), America was hoping to rebuild the economies and infrastructure of Western Europe while curtailing the spread of communism from Eastern Europe. The Christian Democrats won almost half of the popular vote while also getting a majority in the parliament.With a western-leaning government in charge and American aid secured, Italy quickly became a European economic powerhouse in the 1950s and 1960s. When the war ended, the country was mainly a rural, agricultural-based society. With the influx of American money however, Italy quickly industrialized and got vital trading ...